Silicon Collection

Silicon crystal, light micrograph
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a specimen of pure 99.999999 Silicon

Jasper
A polished slab of jasper from Campsie Fells, Stirlingshire. Jasper is cryptocrystalline agate quartz (silicon dioxide)

Agate bowl, grey and white
Agate is a decorative variety of cryptocrystalline quartz (silicon dioxide). This bowl specimen is from the collections of the Natural History Museum, London

Microchip connecting wire, SEM
Micro-wire. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a micro-wire (yellow, often made of gold) connecting to the surface of a microchip

Solar panels in the sun
Solar cells are often electrically connected and encapsulated as a module. Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the front (sun up) side

X-ray of a silicon chip from a teletext board
Silicon chip. X-ray of a silicon chip from a television teletext board. The actual chip is a prepared square of the semiconductor silicon (at centre)

Cuprite with Minor Quartz, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
This specimen was drawn for Specimens of British Minerals, Selected from the Cabinet of Philip Rashleigh (1797, Volume 1, Plate 16)

Chalcopyrite with Quartz and Minor Sphalerite, United Kingdom
This specimen was drawn for Specimens of British Minerals, Selected from the Cabinet of Philip Rashleigh (1797, Volume 1, Plate 7, Figure 3) which states Is yellow copper ore

Chalcocite with Quartz, Cooks Kitchen Mine, Illogan, Cornwall, England
This specimen was drawn for Specimens of British Minerals, Selected from the Cabinet of Philip Rashleigh (1797, Volume 1, Plate 7)

Galena and Quartz, Derbyshire, England (Uncertain Locality)
Reticulated grey galena with colourless quartz crystals. Galena is the primary ore mineral of lead

Copper with Quartz, South Caradon Mine, St Cleer, Cornwall, England
Copper with crystalline quartz. Most Cornish copper specimens are dull, but native copper (pure copper, uncombined with any other elements) from Caradon is invariably bright

Chalcopyrite on Quartz, Dolcoath Mine, Camborne, Cornwall, England
Brassy yellow crystals of chalcopyrite, with an iridescent tarnish, on colourless quartz crystals. The specimen label states Six sided cristals of yellow copper ore crossing each other in opake

Thomas Thomson (engraving)
815709 Thomas Thomson (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Thomas Thomson (1773-1852)

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (engraving)
815821 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (engraving) by French School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (1743- 1794)

Booths Silicon china mug - 8 Allies including India
A very rare Booths Silicon china mug, dated A.D. 1914, with hand enamelled multi-coloured transfer, It has a continuous decoration showing the 8 Allies (which are all named) including India

Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz (silicon dioxide) and is a popular gemstone

Booths Silicon china mug - 8 Allies including India
A very rare Booths Silicon china mug, dated A.D. 1914, with hand enamelled transfer in blue. It has a continuous decoration showing the 8 Allies (which are all named) including India

Booths silicon china mug, inscribed The Allies 1914 inside rim, together with coloured images of soldiers of the Allies on the outside. Trench Art

Fortification agate
A section of fortification agate from Scurdie Ness. Agate is cryptocrystalline quartz. This specimen is from the collections held at the Natural History Museum, London

Sir Robert A. Hadfield, Vanity Fair, WH
SIR ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, 1st Baronet of Sheffield (1858 - 1940) English metallurgist, noted for his work with steel alloys and the invention of manganese steel and silicon steel

North America; USA; New Mexico; Sant Fe; Agate Closeup, Macro
USA, New Mexico, Sant Fe, Agate Close-up, Macro

Illustration of how a solar-powered calculator works, photon giving energy to an electron in a silicon atom, electron then flies out and joins with others to make electric current

Cross section of planet Earth showing the upper mantle, made by magnesium, iron, aluminum, silicon and oxygen. Temperature 700 - 1300A Celsius

Picture No. 11050172
Silicon Carbide (SiC) synthetic Date:

Semiconductor wafer, artwork F007 / 9912
Computer enhanced image of a part of a semiconductor wafer. Wafers are divided up into blocks to make the integrated circuits ( chips ) used in electronic devices

Solar cell F008 / 4434
Solar cell. Close-up of a high performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (large strip) and fingers (small strips)

Solar cell F008 / 4431
Solar cell, computer enhanced image. High performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (larger vertical strips)

Solar cell F008 / 4428
Solar cell. Close-up of a high performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (large strip) and fingers (small strips)

Solar cell F008 / 4437
Solar cell, computer enhanced image. Close-up of a high performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (larger vertical strips)

Solar cell F008 / 4438
Solar cell. High performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (larger vertical strips) and fingers (small horizontal strips)

Microchip surface, SEM
Microchip surface. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a few of the many tracks that are etched on the surface of a microchip

Coloured SEM of integrated circuit micro-wires
Micro-wires bonded on a silicon chip. Coloured Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of the bonded ends of two micro-wires on a silicon chip. Micro- wires are often made of gold

Solar cell F008 / 4433
Solar cell. Close-up of a high performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (large strip) and fingers (small strips)

Solar cell F008 / 4439
Solar cell. Computer enhanced close-up of a high performance solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer. The contact grid is made from busbars (large strip) and fingers (small strips)

EPROM silicon chip, SEM
EPROM silicon chip. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the surface of an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) silicon microchip

Microchip circuitry, SEM
Circuitry of microchip. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tracks (narrow strips) that make up the circuitry of a microchip

Silicon crystal, macrophotograph F005 / 6928
Macrophotograph of a specimen of pure 99.999999 Silicon. This is the poly-crystal Silicon that is left at the bottom of the crucible after the single crystal is grown and removed

Solar cell C016 / 9016
Solar cell. Close-up of the surface of a solar (photovoltaic) cell, which converts light into electrical energy. The cell is made from silicon (blue), a semi-conductor

Solar cell C016 / 9019
Solar cell. Close-up of the surface of a solar (photovoltaic) cell, which converts light into electrical energy. The cell is made from silicon (blue), a semi-conductor

Volcanic ash of Eyjafjallajokull, Island
Light micrograph of ash from the Eyjafjallajokull volcano, Island. Volcanic ash consists of pulverised rock (particles with diameter smaller than 2mm up to 1my), minerals and volcanic glass

Solar cell C018 / 6405
Solar (photovoltaic) cell, which converts light into electrical energy. The cell is made from silicon (blue), a semi-conductor

Surface of microchip, light micrograph C018 / 6398
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a detail of a microchip on a silicon wafer. Horizontal object size: approximately 1.2mm

Surface of microchip, light micrograph C018 / 6399
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a detail of a microchip on a silicon wafer. Horizontal object size: approximately 2.4mm

Solar cell C018 / 6396
Solar (photovoltaic) cell, which converts light into electrical energy. The cell is made from silicon (blue), a semi-conductor

Surface of microchip, light micrograph C018 / 6390
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a detail of a microchip on a silicon wafer. Horizontal object size: approximately 2.4mm

Surface of microchip, light micrograph C018 / 6381
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a detail of a microchip on a silicon wafer. Horizontal object size: approximately 2.4mm

Surface of microchip, light micrograph C018 / 6389
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a detail of a microchip on a silicon wafer. Horizontal object size: approximately 1.2mm

Surface of microchip, light micrograph C018 / 6382
Light micrograph taken with episcopic lighting and Normarski Interference Contrast (DIC) of a detail of a microchip on a silicon wafer. Horizontal object size: approximately 5mm

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Silicon, the versatile element that shapes our technological world. From its mesmerizing crystal structure to its vital role in microchips and solar panels, silicon is truly a marvel of nature's ingenuity. In the depths of Earth's crust, silicon forms intricate crystals that captivate with their beauty. Under the lens of a light micrograph, these structures reveal themselves as delicate masterpieces, reminiscent of jasper or agate bowls adorned in shades of grey and white. But it is not just aesthetics that make silicon so remarkable. Its practical applications are boundless. In the realm of technology, we find silicon at the heart of every microchip connecting wire. Examined under an electron microscope (SEM), this tiny wire becomes a gateway to innovation and progress. Harnessing the power of sunlight, silicon finds another purpose in solar panels basking in the sun's rays. As photons strike its surface, electrons are set into motion, generating clean energy for our ever-growing needs. Even within teletext boards lies hidden artistry - an X-ray reveals a complex network etched onto a silicon chip. This intricate design represents countless lines of code and information flowing through circuits unseen by our naked eye. Venturing beyond technology, we discover stunning mineral formations where copper dances with quartz amidst Cornwall's rich landscapes. Cuprite with minor quartz from Gwennap showcases nature's ability to create harmonious compositions while chalcopyrite with quartz and minor sphalerite unites elements in perfect balance. The Cooks Kitchen Mine brings forth chalcocite alongside quartz – a testament to Mother Nature’s artistic prowess deep within England’s soil. Galena intertwined with quartz from Derbyshire adds an air of mystery as its exact origin remains uncertain. Lastly, copper embraces quartz at South Caradon Mine while chalcopyrite adorns dolcoath mine – both sites serving as reminders that beneath Earth’s surface lie treasures waiting to be discovered.