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Descartes representation of the antagonistic eye muscles, 1692
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Descartes representation of the antagonistic eye muscles, 1692
Descartes representation of the antagonistic eye muscles, 1692. When E is relaxed A is innervated. Rene Decartes (1596-1650) believed that an animal spirit travelling down hollow nerves C and B contracted the muscles and blew them up, and that they relaxed when the spirit was shut off by valves. From Opera Philosophica by Rene Descartes. (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1692). Originally published in his Tractatus de homine. (Paris, 1664)
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Media ID 14864934
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Anatomy Biology Descartes Eyes Eyesight Human Body Muscle Nervous System Oxford Science Archive Physiology Rene Rene Descartes Sight Vision Nerve
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This print showcases Descartes' representation of the antagonistic eye muscles, dating back to 1692. In this intricate illustration, we witness the complexity of the human eye and its connection to the nervous system. Rene Descartes, a renowned philosopher and scientist from France, believed that an animal spirit traveled through hollow nerves C and B to contract and expand these muscles. The image reveals how relaxation in muscle E leads to innervation in muscle A. According to Descartes' theory, valves controlled the flow of this animal spirit, causing contraction or relaxation of the eye muscles accordingly. This groundbreaking concept was originally published in his work "Tractatus de homine" in 1664 but later featured in "Opera Philosophica" (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1692). Through this woodcut print's monochrome aesthetic, we are transported back to the seventeenth century when scientific understanding was rapidly evolving. The attention to detail is remarkable as it highlights not only Descartes' innovative ideas but also his dedication to anatomical accuracy. As we delve into this visual representation of physiology and vision by one of history's greatest thinkers, we gain insight into both the intricacies of our own bodies and humanity's relentless pursuit of knowledge. This photograph serves as a testament to Descartes' enduring influence on science and philosophy alike while reminding us that even centuries-old discoveries can still captivate our imaginations today.
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