Astronomical Sector illustration C017 / 3487
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Astronomical Sector illustration C017 / 3487
Plate from 18th century encyclopedia showing an illustration of an astronomical sector. The sector, also known as a proportional compass or military compass, was a major calculating instrument in use from the end of the sixteenth century until the nineteenth century. It is an instrument consisting of two rulers of equal length joined by a hinge. A number of scales are inscribed upon the instrument which facilitate various mathematical calculations. It was used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots. Its several scales permitted easy and direct solutions of problems in gunnery, surveying and navigation. The sector derives its name from the fourth proposition of the sixth book of Euclid, where it is demonstrated that similar triangles have their like sides proportional
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Media ID 9341597
© DAVID PARKER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Brass Compass Encyclopedia Euclid Instrument Mathematical Mathematics Navigation Ruler Scales Square Surveying Triangle Trigonometry Gunnery Sector
EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases an exquisite illustration of an astronomical sector, hailing from the pages of an 18th-century encyclopedia. The sector, also known as a proportional compass or military compass, served as a crucial calculating instrument during the late 16th to the 19th century. Crafted with precision and elegance, this brass instrument consists of two rulers joined by a hinge, both equal in length. Adorned with numerous scales inscribed upon its surface, this remarkable device facilitated various mathematical calculations essential for astronomers and navigators alike. From solving proportion problems to trigonometry equations and even multiplication and division quandaries, the astronomical sector proved indispensable. Its versatility extended further to functions such as squares and cube roots. The name "sector" finds its origin in Euclid's fourth proposition from his sixth book where it is demonstrated that similar triangles possess proportional sides. This profound connection between geometry and practical application solidified the significance of this extraordinary tool. Beyond its mathematical prowess, this illustrious artifact played pivotal roles in gunnery accuracy, surveying expeditions, and navigation endeavors. With ease and precision at hand thanks to its several scales meticulously etched onto its surface. As we gaze upon this mesmerizing image captured by David Parker from Science Photo Library, we are transported back in time to witness not only a piece of history but also marvel at humanity's ingenuity in merging mathematics with practicality through intricate instruments like the astronomical sector.
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