Sierra De Atapuerca Collection

Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5) C015 / 6921
Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5). Excavated in 1992 from the Sima de los Huesos pit in the Atapuerca foothills in Spain, this fossil skull dates from around 400, 000 years ago

Homo heidelbergensis family, artwork. Also known as Heidelberg Man, these early humans are part of the genus Homo. This is the same genus as modern humans, but this species of humans went extinct

Stone tool, Sima de los Huesos. This hand axe, called Excalibur, is the only stone tool to be found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Cueva Mayor cave exploration, Atapuerca C018 / 9949
Cueva Mayor cave exploration. Cavers exploring the Galeria de las Estatuas section of the Cueva Mayor cave system in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills in northern Spain

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5398
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technician drilling material from the fossilised bone of a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5400
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5726
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Mitochondrial DNA from a Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13)

Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone C018 / 6378
Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone. This is femur 13 found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. The mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5399
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technician drilling material from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5402
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Sample of material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5405
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Fossilised bones from a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5410
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga in the laboratory where mitochondrial DNA from fossilised Homo heidelbergensis bone was extracted and sequenced

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5727
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga examining fossils at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5728
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga (left) and his team with fossilised Homo heidelbergensis bones found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 6377
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Sample of material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5408
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Archaeologists working at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Mitochondrial DNA from a Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13)

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5404
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technicians extracting material from the fossilised bone of a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5403
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technician drilling material from the fossilised bone of a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5401
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5409
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Archaeologists working at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Mitochondrial DNA from a Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13)

Homo heidelbergensis vertebra C015 / 6799
Homo heidelbergensis vertebra. This fossil vertebra was excavated from the Sima de los Huesos pit in the Atapuerca foothills in Spain

Bronze Age arrowheads C015 / 6759
Bronze Age arrowheads. These arrowheads are from the Portalon cave (the entrance cave) to the Cueva Mayor, a cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Prehistoric bear jaws C015 / 6762
Prehistoric bear jaws. These fossil jaw bones are from an extinct bear species (Ursus dolinensis). They were found in 1991

Islamic gold coin C015 / 6755
Islamic gold coin. This gold coin is from the Portalon cave (the entrance cave) to the Cueva Mayor, a cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Bronze Age bone punches C015 / 6758
Bronze Age bone punches. These tools, also called awls or perforators, were tapered and worked pieces of bone used to punch holes in animal skins or leather when making clothes

Prehistoric jaguar jaw bone C015 / 6761
Prehistoric jaguar jaw bone. This fossil jaw bone is from the extinct European jaguar (Panthera gombaszoegensis). It was found in 1990 at the TD-4 level in the Gran Dolina cave in the Sierra de

Prehistoric bison skull C015 / 6760
Prehistoric bison skull. The two European bison species, both hunted by prehistoric humans, are the European bison (Bison bonasus) and the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus)

Islamic gold coin C015 / 6756
Islamic gold coin. This gold coin is from the Portalon cave (the entrance cave) to the Cueva Mayor, a cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Bronze Age gold bracelet C015 / 6751
Bronze Age gold bracelet. This gold bracelet dates from around 3000 years ago. It is thought to have been used in ceremonial or religious settings

Prehistoric rib bone C015 / 6754
Prehistoric rib bone. This rib bone was found at the TD-6 level in the Gran Dolina cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Bronze Age bone punches C015 / 6757
Bronze Age bone punches. These tools, also called awls or perforators, were tapered and worked pieces of bone used to punch holes in animal skins or leather when making clothes

Bronze Age gold bracelet C015 / 6752
Bronze Age gold bracelet. This gold bracelet dates from around 3000 years ago. It is thought to have been used in ceremonial or religious settings

Bronze Age gold bracelet C015 / 6753
Bronze Age gold bracelet. This gold bracelet dates from around 3000 years ago. It is thought to have been used in ceremonial or religious settings

Prehistoric bear eating human bones C013 / 9584
Prehistoric bear eating human bones. Artwork of a now-extinct Ursus deningeri bear earing the remains of humans in the Sima de los Huesos (pit of bones), in the caves of the Sierra de Atapuerca

Prehistoric death ritual, artwork C013 / 9573
Prehistoric death ritual. Artwork showing Homo heidelbergensis hominids throwing one of their dead into the Sima de los Huesos (pit of bones), in the caves of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Prehistoric death ritual, artwork C013 / 9578
Prehistoric death ritual. Artwork showing Homo heidelbergensis hominids throwing one of their dead into the Sima de los Huesos (pit of bones), in the caves of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo antecessor, artwork C013 / 9575
Homo antecessor. Artwork of a Homo antecessor early human using tools in the mouth of a cave. The remains of this hominid were discovered in level TD6 of the Gran Dolina archaeological sites in

Wildlife of the Pleistocene era. This illustration depicts wildlife believed to have existed in Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Fossilised frontal bone, Gran Dolina
Fossilised frontal bone from a childs skull. Fragments of a 12-year-old childs cranial bone being pieced together by a palaeontologist

Homo antecessor. Artists impression of the skull, head and face of an adult male Homo antecessor. The remains of this hominid were discovered in level TD6 of the Gran Dolina archaeological sites in

Homo heidelbergensis reconstruction. Reconstruction of a Homo heidelbergensis head from skull 5 (Miguelon) found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Stone tool, Gran Dolina. This stone tool was formed by striking the stone to produce a continuous edge on one or both sides

Bear tooth, Sima de los Huesos. Tooth from the now extinct Deningeris bear (Ursus deningeri) found next to human fossils at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Animal tooth, Gran Dolina. Tooth from a sabre- toothed tiger (Smilodon sp.), found in level TD10 (upper levels) of the Gran Dolina site

Skull 5, Sima de los Huesos. In 1992, the team working with Professor Juan Luis Arsuaga found skull 5 (Miguelon) at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones), the best preserved skull known world-wide

Fossilised remains, Sima de los Huesos. Reconstructed Homo hiedelbergensis skeleton. This skeleton has been made up from human fossils found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Bear skull, Sima de los Huesos. Skull of the now extinct Deningeris bear (Ursus deningeri) found next to human fossils at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Fossilised skulls, Sima de los Huesos. These human skulls are amongst many hundreds of pieces of human fossils found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

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"Unveiling the Mysteries of Sierra de Atapuerca: A Journey into Our Ancient Past" Step back in time as we explore the fascinating Sierra de Atapuerca, a treasure trove of archaeological wonders. Among its remarkable findings is the Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5) C015/6921, providing invaluable insights into our human ancestors. Delving deeper into this enigmatic species, captivating artwork showcases the Homo heidelbergensis family, offering a glimpse into their daily lives and social dynamics. The intricate details bring these ancient beings to life before our eyes. Venturing further within the depths of Cueva Mayor cave during exploration (Atapuerca C018/9949), we uncover another astonishing revelation – fossil DNA extraction (C018/5398). Scientists painstakingly extract genetic material from remnants frozen in time, unlocking secrets that have remained dormant for millennia. The process continues with precision and dedication as fossil DNA extraction progresses (C018/5400). Each sample holds immense potential to unravel mysteries surrounding our evolutionary history and shed light on how we became who we are today. Excitement builds at Sima de los Huesos in Spain during extensive excavations (C018/5726). Here lies an extraordinary find - a Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone (C018/6378), adding another piece to the puzzle of human evolution. This discovery fuels even greater curiosity about our past. Returning to the laboratory, scientists resume their meticulous work with more fossil DNA extractions (C018/5399, C018/5402, C018/5405, C018/5410). These delicate procedures offer glimpses into ancestral lineages and connections between ancient populations across time and space. Once again venturing deep underground at Sima de los Huesos in Spain's heartland (C018 / 5727), archaeologists continue unearthing remnants that hold the key to understanding our shared heritage.