1575 Collection (page 8)

ROBERT DUDLEY (1532?-1588). 1st Earl of Leicester. English courtier. Panel c1575 by unknown artist

WALTER DEVEREUX (1541-1576). 1st Earl of Essex. English nobleman and general. Oil on panel, c1575, by an unknown artist, after a portrait of 1572

NAVIGATION BY STARS, 1575. Sailors navigating by stars at night. Woodcut from Andre Thevets La cosmographie universelle, Paris, 1575

ELIZABETH I (1553-1603). Queen of England and Ireland, 1558-1603. Queen Elizabeth hawking. Woodcut from George Turbervilles Booke of Faulconrie, 1575

Bombards on portable gun carriages. In the front right corner is a clinometer for measuring the elevation of the guns. Engraving from Kriegsbuch by Leonhardt Fronsperger (Frankfort, 1575)

Edward Kelly (Kelley) left (active 1575) English astrologer and alchemist with his assistant raising spirit in churchyard. Copperplate engraving c1790

Merchants transporting goods to the coast and waiting vessel by camel. From Andre Thevet Cosmographie Universelle Paris 1575. Woodcut

Perspective plan of Bologna from Bononia Alma Studiorum Mater, 1575
Cartography, Italy, 16th century. Perspective plan of Bologna. From Bononia Alma Studiorum Mater, 1575

Map of Trinity Island in the Antilles, from Universal cosmography by Andre Thevet, 1575
Cartography, 16th century. Trinity Island in the Antilles. From Universal cosmography by AndrA

Pythagorean theorem, 16th century C017 / 8002
Pythagorean theorem, 16th century. This theorem, named for 6th-century BC Ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras, states that in a right-angled triangle

African herbal tree, 16th century
African herbal tree. 16th-century artwork of indigenous people in Senegal harvesting herbs from an achanaca tree, used for healing sickness. This may possibly be an acacia tree

Nile crocodile hunting, 16th century
Nile crocodile hunting. 16th-century artwork of people hunting a crocodile by the Nile in Egypt. Nile crocodiles can reach a length of over six metres

Mythical creature, 16th century
Mythical creature. 16th-century artwork of hunters attacking a thanacth mythical creature in the Calcutta region of India. The descriptions of this creature resembled that of a tiger

Canadian hunters, 16th century
Canadian hunters. 16th-century artwork showing French colonists in the Montreal region of Canada, using snowshoes as they hunt animals. This scene dates from the early years of French colonisation

Egyptian obelisks, 16th century
Egyptian obelisks. 16th-century artwork of ruins and obelisks in Alexandria, Egypt. Obelisks were erected at the entrance to temples by the Ancient Egyptians. Some date back thousands of years

Hunting bison, 16th century
Hunting bison. 16th-century artwork of men hunting buttol horned animals, described as being like wild ox (possibly bison)

Mythical water creature, 16th century C013 / 7647
Mythical water creature, 16th century

Mythical creature, 16th century C013 / 7648
Mythical creature. 16th-century artwork of a mythical sucarath creature described as strange and dangerous beast. Its tail here is shown shielding its young, being carried on its back

Mythical water creature, 16th century
Mythical water creature. 16th-century artwork of a mythical aloes water creature described in a chapter on the Caribbean. Examples of creatures that generated reports of monstrous creatures are

Cassava plant, 16th century C013 / 7644
Cassava plant. 16th-century artwork of a cassava plant and roots (Manihot esculenta). This plant, the root of which is edible, is native to South America

South American tree, 16th century
South American tree. 16th-century artwork of indigenous people of South America harvesting the fruits of a choine tree. The accompanying text mentions oranges and lemons (native to Asia)

Captive sloth, 16th century
Captive sloth. 16th-century artwork of a large captive animal called a haut, said to live in the trees on air. This animal has been identified with species of three-toed sloths such as Bradypus

South American tree, 16th century C013 / 7641
South American tree. 16th-century artwork of a tree called uhebehasoub in the local South American indigenous language. It is possibly a kapok, or from the Bombacaceae family

Pineapple, 16th century C013 / 7639
Pineapple. 16th-century artwork of a pineapple (Ananas comosus), here referred to in the accompanying text as a nana, from the word nanas used by the Tupi people of South America

Toucan, 16th century C013 / 7640
Toucan. 16th-century artwork of a toucan. Toucans, recognised by their large colourful bills, are native to Central and South America

European in the Americas, 16th century
European in the Americas. 16th-century artwork of a robed European (possibly a missionary) in the Americas being greeted by indigenous women and children said to be crying with joy

South American healing, 16th century
South American healing. 16th-century artwork of indigenous people in South America carrying out healing rites on a male patient (centre). A monkey and parrot are at top

Caribbean millet brew, 16th century
Caribbean millet brew. 16th-century artwork of Caribbean women spitting saliva into tubs of millet and roots to aid fermentation. The form of millet is called auaty, and the brew is called cahouin

Tobacco cultivation, 16th century
Tobacco cultivation. 16th-century artwork of people cultivating and using tobacco, here called the petun herb or Angoulmoisine

Bear hunting, 16th century
Bear hunting. 16th-century artwork of Hungarians (Escalvons) hunting bears. Artwork from Cosmographie universelle (1575) by the French explorer and writer Andre Thevet (1516-1590)

Pepper tree cultivation, 16th century
Pepper tree cultivation. 16th-century artwork of people cultivating a pepper tree. The black pepper tree (Piper nigrum) is a vine that is native to southern India

Elephant trapping, 16th century
Elephant trapping. 16th-century artwork of people trapping elephants by digging trenches, with a captured elephant being lifted out of the trench. Two elephants at right are tethered to a tree

Rhinoceros and elephant, 16th century
Rhinoceros and elephant. 16th-century artwork of several rhinoceroses and elephants, including a man in a tree (upper right) hunting an elephant with a bow-and-arrow

Captive giraffe, 16th century
Captive giraffe. 16th-century artwork of men leading a captive giraffe, with another giraffe feeding in the background. Giraffes were a rare sight in Europe before the 19th century

Mythical hybrid creature, 16th century C013 / 7626
Mythical hybrid creature 16th-century artwork of a fish-like mythical creature called an orabou. Described as nearly 3 metres long

Arabian horned creature, 16th century
Arabian horned creature. 16th-century artwork of a bolas being used on a horned animal ( pyrassouppi ). Described in a chapter on unicorns

Rhubarb cultivation, 16th century
Rhubarb cultivation. 16th-century artwork of a Jewish merchant (left) supervising the cultivation and harvesting of a rhubarb plant

Ambergris origin theory, 16th century
Ambergris origin theory. 16th-century artwork of a man (lower right) collecting the dung of the aschibobuch bird found in the Maldives and Madagascar

Ethiopian animal, 16th century
Ethiopian animal. 16th-century artwork of Ethiopians with an animal called a hulpalim from the island of Zocotere near or off the coast of Ethiopia

Abyssinian priest, historical artwork
Abyssinian priest. Abyssinia (what is now Ethiopia) has had a Christian church since the 1st century, with Orthodox Christianity established in the 4th century

Pietro Bembo, Italian scholar
Pietro Bembo (1470-1547), Italian scholar, poet and cardinal. Bembos most influential work was Prose della volgar lingua (1525) on how to write poetry in Italian (reviving interest in Petrarch)

Bartolus of Sassoferrato, Italian lawyer
Bartolus of Sassoferrato (1313-1357), Italian lawyer and law professor. Bartolus was famous in his own lifetime for his work on Medieval Roman law

Mehmed II, Ottoman Sultan
Mehmed II (1432-1481), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed is known as the Conqueror for his capture in 1453 of Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey)

Ismail I, Shah of Persia
Ismail I (1487-1524), Shah of Persia. Also called Sophy I, Ismail unified what is now Iran, ruling from 1501 to 1524, establishing the Safavid Persian dynasty

Melampulach, Arab physician. The artworks accompanying text stated that he may have been Jewish and described his tomb on top of a mountain in or near the region known as Gazera

Woodcut of a woman pregnant with twenty children. Woodcut by Ambroise Par
PREGNANCY, 1575. Woodcut of a woman pregnant with twenty children. Woodcut by Ambroise Par

LYON, Corneille de (h. 1500-1575). Catherine de medicis. Renaissance art. Oil on wood

AERTSEN, Pieter, also called Lange Pier (1509-1575). Vanitas - Still-life (Vanitas Stilleben). Flemish art. Oil

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In the year 1575, Rome was bustling with pilgrims who flocked to its majestic churches. The line engraving from that time captures the awe-inspiring sight of these devout individuals immersed in their spiritual journey. Meanwhile, across the English Channel, Stonehenge stood tall and mysterious as ever in 1575. Its ancient stones held secrets yet to be unraveled, captivating all who laid eyes upon them. At sea, sailors relied on the stars for navigation during their nightly voyages. In 1575, this celestial guidance guided them through treacherous waters and ensured safe passage to their destinations. Venturing further afield, South American cannibals roamed the land during the 16th century. Their existence served as a reminder of both humanity's diversity and its darker side. Back in London, an engraved map provided a glimpse into England's capital city in 1575. This intricate depiction showcased the evolving urban landscape and hinted at London's future grandeur. The zodiac fresco from Villa Farnese in Caprarola transported viewers back to Italy in 1575. Taurus dominated this celestial artwork, symbolizing strength and determination amidst life's challenges. Astronomy enthusiasts marveled at another fresco from Villa Farnese depicting Orion, the Hunter. This timeless constellation captivated minds then as it does now with its mythical allure and stellar beauty. James Ist Earl Abercorn made his mark on history during this period with his notable achievements leaving an indelible legacy for generations to come. Across the English Channel once again resided Queen Elizabeth I herself - a powerful ruler whose reign brought prosperity and cultural advancement to her kingdom. A snapshot of her royal picnic captured her regal grace amidst nature's splendor. In matters of warfare, cannons played a pivotal role in shaping military strategies during this era. Bombards mounted on mobile gun-carriages were depicted vividly through wood engravings, showcasing the technological advancements of 1575.