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Turkey - Hierapolis - Temple ruins
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Turkey - Hierapolis - Temple ruins
Entrance to the Temple (ruins) at Hierapolis. Pamukkale, meaning " cotton castle" in Turkish, is a natural site and attraction in south-western Turkey in the Denizli Province. Pamukkale is located in Turkeys Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which enjoys a temperate climate over the greater part of the year. The ancient city of Hierapolis ( Holy City ) was built on top of the white " castle" which is in total about 2700 meters long and 160m high. It can be seen from the hills on the opposite side of the valley in the town of Denizli, 20 km away. The tectonic movements that took place in the fault depression of the Menderes river basin triggered frequent earthquakes, and gave rise to the emergence of a number of very hot springs. The water from one of these springs, with its large mineral content chalk in particular created Pamukkale. The water contains large amounts of hydrogen carbonate and calcium, which leads to the precipitation of calcium bi-carbonate. Every second 250 litres of hot water arises from this spring, precipitating 2.20 grams of chalk per litre of water or 0.55 kilograms of chalk every second. This process has left thick white layers of limestone and travertine cascading down the mountain slope resembling a frozen waterfall. One type of these formations consists of crescent-shaped travertine terraces with a shallow layer of water, lying in a step-like arrangement down the upper one-third of the slope, with the steps ranging from 1m to 6 meters in height. The other form consists of stalactites, propping up and connecting these terraces. The ruins of the ancient city can be seen at the top of the slope. Date: circa 1908
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Activity Aegean Attraction Cotton Denizli Formation Hierapolis Mineral Pamukkale Region Slope Spring Springs Stalactites Unesco Tectonic
EDITORS COMMENTS
In this photograph, the entrance to the ancient ruins of Hierapolis at Pamukkale, Turkey, is showcased against the backdrop of the stunning white travertine terraces. Pamukkale, meaning "cotton castle" in Turkish, is a natural site and attraction located in the Denizli Province of south-western Turkey. The area is renowned for its unique geological features, including the vast white terraces that resemble a frozen waterfall. The ancient city of Hierapolis, also known as the "Holy City," was built on top of the white "castle," which is approximately 2700 meters long and 160m high. This ancient city can be seen from the hills on the opposite side of the valley in the town of Denizli, 20 km away. The area's temperate climate, with frequent tectonic movements and earthquakes, gave rise to a number of hot springs, one of which contains large amounts of hydrogen carbonate and calcium. The water from this spring precipitates calcium bi-carbonate, creating the thick white layers of limestone and travertine that cascade down the mountain slope. The formations consist of crescent-shaped travertine terraces, with shallow layers of water, and stalactites that prop up and connect these terraces. The ancient ruins of Hierapolis can be seen at the top of the slope, offering a glimpse into the rich history of this fascinating location. The city was believed to have been founded around 190 BCE and was renowned for its hot springs, which were believed to have therapeutic properties. The ruins include a theater, a temple dedicated to Apollo, a necropolis, and a number of other ancient structures. This photograph, taken circa 1908, captures the awe-inspiring beauty of Pamukkale and the ancient ruins of Hierapolis, offering a glimpse into the past and the natural wonders of this unique location.
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