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First Partition of Poland
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First Partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland. The First Partition of Poland. It was decided on August 5, 1772. The agreement was signed in Vienna in February 1772. The partition was conducted by the Habsburg Monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Russian Empire. Allegory of the First Partition of Poland: on the left Catherine II of Russia; at the right are Joseph II of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia, quarrelling over their territorial seizures. Engraving by Lemaitre, Vernier and Chaillot after the allegorical drawing titled The Troelfth Cake by Jean-Michael Moreau. History of Poland, by Charles Foster. Panorama Universal, 1840
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1772 Allegorical Allegory Angel Annexation Annexed Austria Brandenburg Cake Catherine Chaillot Commonwealth Distribution Division Empress Frederick Gateau Habsburg Lemaitre Michael Monarchy Moreau Partition Poland Polish Polish Lithuanian Poniatowski Powerful Prussia Rois Territorial Territory Trumpet Vernier Warsaw Pomerania
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The First Partition of Poland: A Historical Allegory of Power and Greed (1772, 18th century) This evocative engraving by Lemaitre, Vernier, and Chaillot, after Jean-Michael Moreau's allegorical drawing titled 'The Twelfth Cake,' depicts the momentous event of the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The partition was the result of a secret agreement signed in Vienna in February 1772 by the Habsburg Monarchy, represented by Emperor Joseph II, the Kingdom of Prussia, embodied by King Frederick II, and the Russian Empire, symbolized by Empress Catherine II. The scene unfolds as an allegory, with Catherine II on the right, flanked by her imperial counterparts. Each monarch, represented as angels, quarrels over their territorial seizures, their actions personified by the angrily blowing trumpets. The annexed territories, once part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, are depicted as a large cake, symbolizing the division and distribution of the land. The First Partition of Poland marked the beginning of the end for the Polish-Lithuanian Union, a significant political entity in Europe during the modern age. The territories annexed included parts of Pomerania, Poniatowski, and Pomerelia, among others. The partition was a pivotal moment in European history, signaling the decline of Poland and the rise of powerful empires. The allegorical nature of this engraving serves to underscore the historical significance of the event, highlighting the power struggles and territorial ambitions that shaped Europe during the 18th century. The image is a poignant reminder of the complex political landscape of the era and the consequences of the actions of powerful monarchs.
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