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Stephen and Matilda, rivals for the crown of England, (1932). Artist: Rosalind Thornycroft
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Stephen and Matilda, rivals for the crown of England, (1932). Artist: Rosalind Thornycroft
Stephen and Matilda, rivals for the crown of England, (1932). Stephen (1096-1154), the last Norman King of England, reigned from 1135 to 1154. He supported the claim to the throne of Matilda (1102-1167), the daughter of Henry I, before usurping her when Henry died in 1135 and claiming the throne for himself. England descended into a period of civil war. Stephen was captured after he was defeated by Matildas army at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141 but was freed in an exchange for the captive Robert, Earl of Gloucester, Matildas most able lieutenant. Matildas time on the throne was brief, as a rebellion forced her to flee London. Stephen regained the throne and Matilda was besieged in Oxford, but escaped to Wallingford, camouflaged against the snow by wearing a white cloak. The conflict dragged on until 1148 when Matilda returned to France after the Earl of Gloucester died. Eventually, in 1154, her son was crowned king as Henry II after Stephen died. From Kings and Queens by Eleanor and Herbert Farjeon, illustrated by Rosalind Thornycroft [Victor Gollancz Ltd, London, 1932]
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Media ID 14978463
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Civil War Claimant Dispute Eleanor Eleanor Farjeon Farjeon Herbert Herbert Farjeon His Majesty King Of England King Stephen King Stephen I Matilda Maud Norman Rival Rivalry Rosalind Rosalind Thornycroft Stephen Stephen I Stephen Of England Thornycroft
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EDITORS COMMENTS
The print captures the intense rivalry between Stephen and Matilda, two contenders for the crown of England in 1932. Painted by Rosalind Thornycroft, it depicts a pivotal moment in history when Stephen, the last Norman King of England, betrayed his initial support for Matilda's claim to the throne. This act plunged England into a period of civil war. Stephen's capture by Matilda's army at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141 marked a turning point in their power struggle. However, his freedom was secured through an exchange with Robert, Earl of Gloucester, who was considered Matilda's most capable ally. The conflict continued as both sides fought fiercely for control. Matilda's time on the throne proved short-lived due to rebellion forces that forced her to flee London. She sought refuge in Oxford but managed to escape unnoticed by wearing a white cloak that blended with the snow-covered landscape. The prolonged struggle finally came to an end when Matilda returned to France after the death of Earl Gloucester in 1148. Ultimately, her son Henry II ascended to kingship upon Stephen's death in 1154. This image from Kings and Queens by Eleanor and Herbert Farjeon offers us a glimpse into this tumultuous chapter of English history and reminds us of how power struggles can shape nations' destinies.
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