Pioneering Collection (page 16)

Vostok 1 capsule separation, artwork
Vostok Capsule Separation Gagarin before landing. Like all manned Soviet spacecrafts the capsule has to separate from a service module

Vostok 1 spacecraft in orbit, artwork
Vostok 1 spacecraft in orbit. Computer artwork of the Vostok 1 capsule that carried Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) on the first manned flight in space, in orbit around the Earth

Leeuwenhoeks microscope, 17th century. This is one of the early microscopes used by the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Tiling rocket launch, 1930s
Engineer R. Tiling, the Rocket inventor from Osnabrueck, Germany, started three of his aluminium rockets from the Berlin Airport Tempelhof

Tiling rockets, 1930s
Engineer R. Tiling, the Rocket inventor from Osnabrueck, Germany, started three of his aluminium rockets from the Berlin Airport Tempelhof

Sputnik 1, artwork. This Soviet spacecraft, the first ever spacecraft to reach Earth orbit, was launched on 4 October 1957 by the Soviet Union

Oberths book on rocketry. Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) was a German space travel pioneer. In 1922, his doctoral dissertation was rejected

Soviet Vostok spacecraft, display model. There were a total of six manned flights in the Soviet Vostok programme, flying from 1961 to 1963

Luna 3, Soviet postcard. The postmark and stamp (both at upper right) show the Luna 3 spacecraft and the date (7 October 1959)

Lunokhod 1 lunar rover, artwork. The Earth is at upper right. This lunar rover was the first of two unmanned moon vehicles landed by the USSR as part of the Lunokhod program

Frau im Mond artwork
Frau im Mond. Artwork of a Moon rocket, representing the story told in the film Woman in the Moon (German: Frau im Mond). This science fiction silent film, released in 1929

Vostok 1 heat insulation. Close-up of the exterior insulation and cladding around the entrance to the Vostok 1 spacecraft

Sputnik 3, Soviet postcard. Both the postmarks and the lefthand stamp (upper right) depict the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 3 and its date of launch, 15 May 1958

Korolyovs designs for Soviet rockets
Korolevs designs for Soviet rockets. Hand-drawn rocket designs and notes by the Soviet engineer Sergei Korolev (1907-1966)

Luna lander. Model of a Luna spacecraft lander. This was part of the Luna programme, a series of unmanned spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976

Luna orbiter. Model of a Luna 10 spacecraft orbiting module. This Soviet unmanned spacecraft was first launched during the Luna 10 mission in March 1966

Robert FitzRoy, caricature
Robert FitzRoy (1805-1865). Caricature of the British meteorologist and Royal Navy vice-admiral, Robert FitzRoy, showing him with a large nose and ears

Lunokhod-1 lunar rover. Model of the first remote-controlled lunar roving vehicle. This Soviet rover was launched in November 1970 on board the Luna 17 spacecraft

Luna 1 launch vehicle, diagram. Diagram of the upper-stage launch vehicle (rocket) used to place the Luna 1 unmanned probe (round, upper centre) in space

Lovell radio telescope receiver
Lovell radio telescope. View from the dish of the telescope towards the receiver. This large radio telescope dish is located at the Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, UK

Luna 1 spacecraft model (centre) in the upper-stage launch vehicle (rocket) used to place it in space. Its five antennae are shown here

Luna 2 commemmorative stamp. Soviet postage stamp dedicated to the Luna 2 unmanned space probe, launched on 12 September 1959

Luna 1 commemmorative stamp. Soviet postage stamp dedicated to the Luna 1 unmanned probe, launched on 2 January 1959 (date at upper right)

Luna 3 spacecraft model. This Soviet unmanned probe was launched on 4 October 1959. It was the first spacecraft to return pictures of the previously unseen far side of the Moon

Hydrogen-powered bus. This bus is powered by a fuel cell that runs on hydrogen gas. Inside the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, hydrogen is combined with air, without combustion

Young Yuri Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut

Cadet Yuri Gagarin Yuri Gagarin as a cadet
Yuri Gagarin as a cadet. Gagarin (1934-1968) was a cadet of the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation School, Russia. He later became a soviet cosmonaut

Gagarin post-flight tour, Bulgaria, 1961
Gagarin post-flight tour, Bulgaria. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) holding in his hands a dove presented to him by Bulgarian Young Pioneers. The dove is an international symbol of peace

Amelia Earhart (1897 - 1937), pioneering American female aviator, pictured on the front cover of The Tatler at the point during her attempt at flying around the world solo

Marconi plaque, Bass Point, Cornwall
A plaque to Guglielmo Marconi, set in a granite wall near some buildings on the sea shore at Bass Point, Cornwall. It marks the location of Marconis telegraph station during the pioneering days of

People boarding a Transair aeroplane, Vienna
A group of people boarding an aeroplane operated by Transair, in Vienna, Austria. (1 of 3)

People disembark from a Transair aeroplane
A group of people disembarking from an aeroplane operated by Transair, in Vienna, Austria. (2 of 3)

People boarding a small aeroplane
A group of people boarding a small aeroplane, operated by Charter Ltd of London. (2 of 3)

Willows Airship above St Pauls Cathedral, London

Twelfth Night Entertainment at the Hanwell Lunatic Asylum
Inmates of the Hanwell Lunatic Asylum, a pioneering institution for the Victorian age which operated a non-restraint policy

Jean Batten (1909-1982)
Portrait of Miss Jean Batten, the pioneering aviator from New Zealand who became the first woman to fly across the South Atlantic, in 1935

Grey Owls Cabin, Saskatchewan, 1934
Photograph of Grey Owls Cabin; Beaver Lodge, Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada, 1934. Grey Owl (1888-1938), born Archibald Stansfield Belaney in Sussex

Philippe Pinel
PHILIPPE PINEL French medical, noted for his pioneering work in the treatment of the insane

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"Pioneering: Breaking Barriers and Shaping History through Courageous Endeavors" Amy Johnson - A trailblazing English pilot who fearlessly took to the skies, defying gender norms and inspiring generations of women aviators. Amelia Earhart - An iconic figure in aviation history, she pushed boundaries as a pioneering aviator, leaving an indelible mark on the world with her daring spirit. Amy Johnson CBE (1903-1941) - Captured in this image standing tall, she symbolizes the resilience and determination of female pilots during a time when their achievements were often overlooked. The four wooden Marconi wireless towers at Poldhu, Mullion, Cornwall - These structures stand as silent witnesses to the groundbreaking advancements made in communication technology before 1912. Marie Curie - A Nobel Prize-winning Polish scientist whose groundbreaking research on radioactivity revolutionized our understanding of physics and medicine. First geological map of Britain, 1815 - This remarkable map represents a milestone in scientific exploration, revealing the intricate layers that shape our land and providing invaluable knowledge for future generations. Apollo spacecraft at the Moon (artwork) - Symbolizing humanity's audacious leap into space exploration, this artwork captures the pioneering spirit that led us to set foot on another celestial body. Farmers ploughing a field on Lealholm Hall Farm, Whitby c. 1889 (photo) - Depicting agricultural pioneers working tirelessly to cultivate their land amidst changing times; they embody perseverance and adaptability. Schizonema Smithii ca. , 1853 by Anna Atkins – As one of the first female photographers and botanists ever recorded, Atkins pioneered cyanotype photography while capturing nature's beauty with precision and artistry.