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Paleogenetics Collection

Paleogenetics, the study of ancient DNA, has revolutionized our understanding of human evolution

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5398

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5398
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technician drilling material from the fossilised bone of a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5400

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5400
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5726

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5726
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Mitochondrial DNA from a Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13)

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone C018 / 6378

Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone C018 / 6378
Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone. This is femur 13 found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. The mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5399

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5399
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technician drilling material from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5402

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5402
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Sample of material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5405

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5405
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Fossilised bones from a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5410

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5410
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga in the laboratory where mitochondrial DNA from fossilised Homo heidelbergensis bone was extracted and sequenced

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5727

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5727
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga examining fossils at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5728

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5728
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Prof. Juan Luis Arsuaga (left) and his team with fossilised Homo heidelbergensis bones found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 6377

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 6377
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Sample of material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5408

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5408
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Archaeologists working at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Mitochondrial DNA from a Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13)

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5404

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5404
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technicians extracting material from the fossilised bone of a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5403

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5403
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Technician drilling material from the fossilised bone of a cave bear (Ursus deningeri) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5401

Extraction of fossil DNA C018 / 5401
Extraction of fossil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Material drilled from a fossilised Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13) found at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca

Background imagePaleogenetics Collection: Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5409

Excavations at Sima de los Huesos, Spain C018 / 5409
Excavations at Sima de los Huesos. Archaeologists working at the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Mitochondrial DNA from a Homo heidelbergensis femur (thigh) bone (femur 13)


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Paleogenetics, the study of ancient DNA, has revolutionized our understanding of human evolution. Through the extraction of fossil DNA from various archaeological sites, scientists have been able to unlock secrets that were once hidden in time. The process begins with meticulous excavations at sites like Sima de los Huesos in Spain. These digs have unearthed remarkable finds such as Homo heidelbergensis thigh bone, providing valuable insights into our ancestors' lives. Once these fossils are carefully collected and preserved, the real magic happens – the extraction of fossil DNA. Using advanced techniques and technologies, scientists painstakingly extract genetic material from these ancient remains. The extracted samples bear unique codes like C018 / 5398 or C018 / 5400, representing a treasure trove of information waiting to be decoded. Each sample holds clues about our past and helps piece together humanity's intricate puzzle. These fragments hold within them stories that span thousands or even millions of years. They provide glimpses into long-extinct species and shed light on their relationships with modern humans. Through paleogenetics, researchers have made groundbreaking discoveries about human migration patterns, interbreeding events between different hominin species, and even identified new branches on our evolutionary tree. As more extractions take place – C018 / 5399 or C018 / 5402 – each one adds another layer to our understanding of who we are as a species. The data obtained from these extractions is invaluable for reconstructing ancestral genomes and mapping out the complex web of human history. Excavations at Sima de los Huesos continue to yield fascinating results – C018 / 5726 or C018 / 5727 – further enriching our knowledge about early humans who roamed this region thousands of years ago. With every successful extraction -C018/6377- comes hope for new breakthroughs in paleogenetics research. Scientists eagerly analyze these precious samples.