Geography Gallery

Geography is the study of the Earth's physical features and environment, including landforms, climate, soils, vegetation, and human populations

EXPL2A-00352
The Hereford Mappa Mundi of 1280 - Jerusalem is at the center, Europe lower left, Africa lower right. Printed color halftone reproduction 19th century

Map of Venice in 1500, by Jacopo de Barbari
Cartography, Italy, 16th century. Map of Venice in 1500, by Jacopo de Barbari

Derwent Water, with Blencathra behind, Lake District, Cumbria, England, UK

Al-Idrisis world map, 1154
Al-Idrisis world map. This world map, known as the Tabula Rogeriana, dates from 1154, and is orientated with North at bottom

Whole Earth (Blue Marble 2000)
Whole Earth. Composite satellite image of Earth centred on the Americas. This is Blue Marble 2000, one of the most detailed Earth images ever made

Antique map of Tasmania

Continental drift after 250 million years, showing the supercontinent of Pangea Ultima, which was named for the ancient supercontinent of Pangea

The V & A. waterfront and Table Mountain cape Town, Cape Province, South Africa

Malham Cove, Yorkshire Dales National Park, England. This curving limestone cliff feature was formed by glacial action. It used to have a waterfall running over it

Tenerife, satellite image. Satellite image of Tenerife showing Mount Teide (lower centre). Vegetation is green, and water is blue

Map of Tenochtitlan. Mexico, 1560. By Alonso de Santa Cruz
Map of Tenochtitlan. Mexico, 1560. General islario of all the islands in the world. Work of the chronicler and cosmographer Alonso de Santa Cruz (1505-1567). National Library. Madrid. Spain

Anglo-Saxon 10th century world map
Anglo-Saxon world map, dating from the 10th century. East is top. This map of the known world was probably produced by an Irish monk

Catalan Atlas, 14th century. The 6-page Catalan Atlas (1375) was produced on vellum by the Jewish cartographer Abraham Cresques

UK at night from space
UK at night, as seen from the International Space Station (ISS). City lights (yellow) show areas of dense population. France is at bottom. Image taken on 24th December 2010

Orteliuss map of Ottoman Empire, 1570
Orteliuss map of the Ottoman Empire. This map is from the 1570 first edition of Theatrum orbis terrarum ( Theatre of the World )

British Empire world map, 19th century
British Empire world map. This world map shows the 19th-century British Empire (pink) and its indigenous peoples. Five illustrations (clockwise from upper left) show the people of Australia

Map of Scandinavia, from Carta Marina, Sea Map by Olaus Magnus, 1539
Cartography, 16th century. Map of Scandinavia. From Carta Marina (Sea Map) by Olaus Magnus, 1539

Beatus map of the world. Saint Beatus of Liebana Spanish monk, theologian and geographer 730 - 800

Map showing the empire of Alexander the Great

Europe at night, satellite image. North is at top. Yellow lights mark the major cities and population areas, showing a clearly delineated Mediterranean coast

17th century world map
World map, published around 1664 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, by Dutch mapmaker Joan Blaeu (c.1599- 1673). The Latin title is Nova et Accuratissima Totius Terrarum Orbis Tabula

Map of the City of Dublin, 1797
Map of the City of Dublin, Ireland. Published in 1797, this map includes details of the canals being built at the time. Canal Harbour (lower right)

Whole Earth at night, satellite image
Whole Earth map at night, satellite image. Here, Africa is seen at centre. City lights (yellow) of increasing intensity show areas of increasing population

Map of City of Rome and its ancient monuments - in Civitas Oreis Terrarum by Braun and Hogenberg. Book 2: 1574 - 1618. Italy

17th century map of Europe

Durers world map, 1515. Albrecht Durer (1471- 1528) was a German artist. His skillful use of perspective and mathematical proportions made him one of the outstanding artistic figures of the early 16th century

Earth from space, satellite image
Earth from space. Satellite image showing North and South America as seen from 35, 000 kilometres above the Earths surface. North is at top and the Moon is at upper right

Sheffield, UK, aerial image
Sheffield, UK, aerial photograph. Sheffield is a city of some 510, 000 people (2003) in South Yorkshire. The M1 motorway (running down right) links Sheffield with London (to the south)

16th Century Plan of Florence
16th century plan of Florence, Italy. Detail from the map of Etruria (Tuscany and Northern Lazio), in the Gallery of Maps in the Vatican Museum.The Gallery of Maps holds maps which were commissioned

Snow-covered United Kingdom, January 2010. Satellite image of snow and ice (white) covering the UK during the cold spell in January 2010

Oronce Fines world map, 1531
Oronce Fines world map. Map of the worlds northern and southern hemispheres by the French mathematician and cartographer Oronce Fine (1494-1555)

Europe at night, satellite image. City lights (yellow) show areas of dense population. There are few lights in North Africa (bottom) and the Arctic (top) since they are more sparsely populated

Map of Palestine, 1588
16th century map of Palestine. North is towards upper right. Published in 1588, this German map shows the geography of Palestine, centred on the area that later become the state of Israel

1794, Delisle Map of Southern Ancient Greece, Greeks Isles, and Crete, topography
1794, Delisle Map of Southern Ancient Greece, Greeks Isles, and Crete

La Coupole, Paris - 1930s. Restaurant and American bar on Boulevard du Montparnasse

Map showing the Roman empire at its largest. Third century B.C.E. to second century C.E

16th century map of the British Isles
Map of the British Isles, in the 1570 edition of Ortelius Atlas (Theatrum Orbis Terrarum). Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) was a Flemish mapmaker who is considered to have produced the first true atlas

North America at night, satellite image
Africa at night. Satellite image of the Earth at night, set against a background of stars, centred on the continent of Africa. North is at top. City lights (yellow) show areas of dense population

Earth, topographic and bathymetric map. This whole Earth map is centred on the Greenwich meridian, at zero degrees latitude

Map of Europe, 1600
16th century map of Europe. Published in Sienna in 1600, this Italian map shows the latest knowledge of the geography of Europe

Chapel of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, Berlin, Germany

General city skyline view and the Duomo, Florence, Italy

Golden Gate Bridge, San Franciso, California, USA

Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

1886, Telescopic View and Map of the Moon, topography, cartography, geography, land
1886, Telescopic View and Map of the Moon

1768, James Craig Map of New Town, Edinburgh, Scotland, First Plan of New Town, topography
1768, James Craig Map of New Town, Edinburgh, Scotland, First Plan of New Town

Map of Vietnam

Map of Malawi

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Geography is the study of the Earth's physical features and environment, including landforms, climate, soils, vegetation, and human populations, and is an interdisciplinary field that combines physical and human geography to understand how humans interact with their environment. Geographers use a variety of methods to collect data such as aerial photography, satellite imagery, GIS (geographic information systems), field surveys and interviews. This data is then used to analyze patterns in population distribution, land use change over time or regional differences in climate or natural resources. It also includes the study of cultural landscapes which examines how people shape their environment through activities such as farming or urban development. By understanding how humans interact with their surroundings we can better understand our world today and plan for a more sustainable future.