Embryology Collection

COMPARATIVE EMBRYOLOGY. Chart showing comparative embryology from a fish to a man, made by the Department of Comparative and Human Anatomy at the American Museum of Natural History, 1932

Fruit fly embryo, illustration C018 / 0784
Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryo, illustration. Fruit flies are used as a model organism for embryogenesis. They are particularly suited to this as they have large brood sizes

Fish embryo, artwork
Fish embryo. Historical artwork showing stages in the development of a fish embryo. Figures 1 and 2 show gastrulation, the process of differentiation whereby the 3 germ layers (ectoderm)

Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn, 1860
1576993 Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn, 1860; (add.info.: Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn (28 February 1792 - 28 November 1876)

A group of embryos: hog, calf, rabbit, man (litho)
5998247 A group of embryos: hog, calf, rabbit, man (litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: A group of embryos: hog, calf, rabbit, man)

A group of embryos: fish, salamander, tortoise, chick (litho)
5998257 A group of embryos: fish, salamander, tortoise, chick (litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: A group of embryos: fish, salamander, tortoise, chick)

Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (engraving)
815790 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (engraving) by French School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772-1844)

Karl Ernst von Baer, 19th century German biologist, (1900). Born in Estonia, Baer (1792-1876) is regarded as one of the founding fathers of embryology. He discovered the mammalian ovum (egg) in 1827

Girolamo Fabrici, Italian anatomist and surgeon, 17th century. Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente - Italian name Girolamo Fabrici - (1537-1619) was one of the founders of modern embryology

Professor Francis Maitland Balfour (1851-1882), Scottish embryologist, 1882. The brother of Conservative statesman AJ Balfour, Francis Balfour was killed in a climbing accident on Mont Blanc

Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), Estonian-born German naturalist and embryologist. He discovered the mammalian ovum (egg) in 1827

Marcello Malpighi, 1628 - 1694. Italian biologist and physician. Considered as the "Father of microscopical
Marcello Malpighi, 1628 - 1694. Italian biologist and physician. Considered as the " Father of microscopical anatomy, histology, physiology and embryology"

Zebra fish embryo, SEM C013 / 9587
Zebra fish embryo. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the embryo of a zebrafish (Danio rerio), showing its eyes either side of its large open mouth (centre)

Aristotle studying in his youth. The Ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist Aristotle (384-322 BC) influenced many later thinkers, working in areas such as logic, astronomy, zoology

Foetal brain development, artwork. During the 4th week (upper left) the neural tube begins to differentiate into a spinal cord (green), forebrain (blue), midbrain (grey) and hindbrain (orange)

Aristotle, caricature
Aristotle. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist Aristotle (384-322 BC). Aristotle influenced many later thinkers, working in areas such as logic, astronomy, zoology

Anterior-posterior polarity, illustration C018 / 0916
Anterior-posterior polarity, illustration. The unequal distribution of proteins or other factors within a newly fertilised zygote or developing embryo is a key mechanism for establishing the axes

In vitro fertilisation, artwork F006 / 3726
In vitro fertilisation, computer artwork

Mouse embryo, light micrograph C018 / 8600
Mouse embryo head. Light micrograph of the head of a mouse (Mus sp.) embryo 13 days after fertilisation

Stem cell-derived retinal cells. Fluorescence light micrograph of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells that have been derived from human embryonic stem cells (HESC)

In vitro fertilisation, artwork F006 / 8779
In vitro fertilisation, computer artwork

In vitro fertilisation, artwork F006 / 8778
In vitro fertilisation, computer artwork

Fertilisation, artwork F006 / 8739
Fertilisation, computer artwork

Embryo, artwork F006 / 9906
Embryo, computer artwork

Embryo, artwork F006 / 9904
Embryo, computer artwork

Embryo, artwork F006 / 9905
Embryo, computer artwork

Developing fish fin, SEM
Developing fish fin. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a fin from a zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Zebrafish are freshwater fish that are found in India

Mouse embryo, prepared specimen C018 / 0318
Mouse embryo. Macrophotograph of a prepared specimen of a mouse embryo after around 16 days of development. It has been made translucent and its skeleton stained with Alizarin red dye

Stem cell-derived nerve cells. Fluorescence light micrograph of neural (nerve) stem cells that have been derived from human embryonic stem cells (HESC)

Arabidopsis thaliana embryo, micrograph C014 / 4590
Arabidopsis thaliana embryo. Confocal light micrograph of a section through the embryo of a thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant

Nucleoplasmin histone-chaperone protein C015 / 6915
Nucleoplasmin histone-chaperone protein, molecular model. This is nucleoplasmin 2 (Npm2), a chaperone that acts on human nucleoplasmin. Chaparone proteins play a key role in aiding protein folding

Alfred Velpeau (1795-18)
Alfred Velpeau was a French anatomist and surgeon who, though of humble origins, became the leading surgeon in Paris. He was admired

Zebra fish embryo, SEM C013 / 9586
Zebra fish embryo. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the embryo of a zebrafish (Danio rerio), showing its eyes either side of its large open mouth (centre)

4-cell embryo embryo, artwork
4-cell embryo. Image 3 of 4. Computer model representing 4 daughter cells. The development of an embryo is called embryogenesis

Human embryo for sale, conceptual computer artwork. Human embryos are fertilised eggs in their earliest stage of development; less than 8 weeks old

Frog embryo, light micrograph
Frog embryo. Light micrograph of a frog embryo at the blastula stage. This stage in the embryos development is produced by the cleavage (cell division) of a fertilised ovum (egg cell)

Chicken embryo (Gallus domesticus) developing in the egg. Here at three days old the embryo is seen on top of the yolk. Its developing spinal cord and organs are visible

Multi-celled embryo, artwork
Multi-celled embryo. Image 4 of 4. Computer model representing a cluster of daughter cells. The development of an embryo is called embryogenesis

Embryonic stem cells. Computer-enhanced confocal light micrograph of dividing stem cells from the ventricular zone of the retina of a developing embryo

Single-celled embryo, artwork
Single-celled embryo. Image 1 of 4. Computer model representing a single cell. The development of an embryo is called embryogenesis

2-cell embryo embryo, artwork
2-cell embryo. Image 2 of 4. Computer model representing 2 daughter cells. The development of an embryo is called embryogenesis

Embryo research. Computer artwork of a needle entering the amniotic sac of a human embryo. Research on embryos is controversial

Embryo in a fallopian tube, artwork
Embryo inside a fallopian tube. Computer artwork representing an embryo (yellow) in the early stages of development inside a fallopian tube. Fallopian tubes lead from the ovaries to the uterus

Neural stem cells. Light micrograph of self- renewing neural stem cells taken from the brain of a mouse embryo. These stem cells can differentiate into neurons (nerve cells)

Nanorobots with human embryo, computer artwork. Nanorobots is a term used to describe future microscopic robots that could have a wide range of uses

Artwork of embryonic development, 1891
Historical artwork of embryonic development. Four mammalian embryos of (from left to right) a dog, a bat, a rabbit and a human

Aristotle as a young man. The Ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist Aristotle (384-322 BC) influenced many later thinkers, working in areas such as logic, astronomy, zoology

A. Kovalevsky, Russian embryologist
Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky (1840-1901), Russian embryologist and zoologist. Kovalevsky studied in Germany and then St Petersburg, Russia

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Embryology, the study of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth, has been a fascinating field for centuries. From ancient philosophers like Aristotle to modern-day scientists, it has captivated our curiosity and deepened our understanding of life itself. In 1932, the Department of Comparative and Human Anatomy at the American Museum of Natural History created a groundbreaking chart showcasing comparative embryology. This chart traced the developmental journey from a fish embryo all the way to a human being, highlighting striking similarities and subtle differences along the way. The beauty of this scientific discipline lies in its ability to reveal connections between different species. Artwork depicting fish embryos alongside salamanders, tortoises, and chicks further emphasizes these shared patterns among diverse organisms. Throughout history, notable figures have contributed significantly to embryological research. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire's engraving captures his dedication to unraveling nature's secrets. Karl Ernst von Baer, a renowned German biologist from the 19th century, made significant contributions that still resonate today. Girolamo Fabrici stands as an influential figure in Italian anatomical studies during the 17th century. His work not only laid foundations for embryology but also advanced microscopical anatomy and histology. Mammal embryos depicted in 1905 serve as visual evidence supporting evolutionary theories proposed by scientists like Professor Francis Maitland Balfour. His Scottish origins did not hinder him from leaving an indelible mark on embryological research before his untimely death in 1882. Another luminary in this field was Karl Ernst von Baer—a German naturalist who hailed originally from Estonia—whose meticulous observations led him to formulate fundamental principles known as "Baer's laws. " Marcello Malpighi is revered as one of history's most prominent biologists and physicians; he earned recognition as the "Father of microscopical anatomy, histology physiology, and embryology.