1400s Collection (page 7)

Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher C015 / 1547
Alessandro Achillini (1463-1512), Italian philosopher and physician. Achillini was a celebrated lecturer of both medicine and philosophy at Bologna and Padua, Italy

Santa Maria ship, 19th-century replica C014 / 2046
Santa Maria ship. 19th-century replica of the Spanish carrack Santa Maria. This was the flagship used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus on his 1492 voyage to discover the Americas

Creation of Adam from clay, 15th century
Creation of Adam from clay. 15th-century recto (with Latin text) and artwork showing the biblical story of the creation of the first human (Adam) from clay by God

Euclids Elements of Geometry, 1482
Euclids Elements of Geometry. Book page with Latin text and diagrams from the first printed edition (Venice, 1482) of Euclids Elements of Geometry

Historical length standards C016 / 2046
Historical length standards. Standards established for the yard and the metre, along with their cross-sections (right). The Henry VII Yard (1497) and the Elizabeth Yard (1588)

Moctezuma II, Aztec emperor C015 / 5791
Moctezuma II (c.1466-1520), Aztec emperor. Moctezuma was the ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico City), then the centre of the Aztec Empire (Triple Alliance)

Christopher Columbus, Italian explorer C015 / 5790
Christopher Columbus, Italian explorer

Divinity School, University of Oxford, UK. This building, part of the Old Bodleian Library, is one of the oldest surviving buildings of the University of Oxford

Columbus returns to Spain, February 1493 C016 / 4495
Columbus returns to Spain. 19th-century artwork of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451-1506, centre) at the court of Barcelona in February 1493 following his return from the New World

Columbus departs Spain, August 1492 C016 / 4493
Columbus departs Spain. 19th-century artwork of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) kissing the hand of Queen Isabella I of Castile on 3 August 1492

Columbus at Spains royal court, May 1486
Columbus at Spains royal court. 19th-century artwork of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451-1506, centre left)

St Marks Clock, Venice, Italy. This clock, seen after its restoration between 1998 and 2006, is on the Torre dell Orologio (clock tower) in the Piazza San Marco, Venice

Pietro Bembo, Italian scholar
Pietro Bembo (1470-1547), Italian scholar, poet and cardinal. Bembos most influential work was Prose della volgar lingua (1525) on how to write poetry in Italian (reviving interest in Petrarch)

Mehmed II, Ottoman Sultan
Mehmed II (1432-1481), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed is known as the Conqueror for his capture in 1453 of Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey)

King David and his choir make music inside an illuminated letter C. Date: Early 15th century

Gallery band
The Nurnberg town band playing lustily from a rather crowded gallery. The other people on the gallery studiously ignore the din. Date: 15th century

St Elmos fire. Historical artwork of St Elmos fire glowing from the tops of a ships masts. St Elmos fire is a continuous electrical discharge that occurs towards the end of thunderstorms

Self-propelling car. Historical artwork of a design for a self-moving or automotive car by the Italian artist, engineer and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Imperial Astronomical Observatory, China
Imperial Astronomical Observatory, Beijing (Peking), China. This observatory was built during the Ming Dynasty (1442) to facilitate both astronomical purposes and seafaring navigation

Early picture of New World people
First picture of people of the New World. Taken from a woodcut published in Augsburg, Germany, around the turn of the sixteenth century, this is the first depiction of the indigenous Americans

Abstract Leonardo figures. Conceptual computer artwork of a male and a female figure depicted in the pose drawn by the Italian scientist and artist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Astronomical Clock, Prague, Czech Republic. This astronomical dial dates back to 1410 and displays three different sets of time; central European time, old Bohemian time and Babylonian time

Internal anatomy, 15th century diagram
Internal anatomy. 15th century anatomical diagram of the internal organs of the human head and torso. The diagram, known as a situs figure

Icarus and Daedelus. Woodcut by Albrecht Durer (1471-1528), showing the fall of Icarus (centre), watched by his father Daedalus (upper centre)

Da Vincis lifebuoy design
Da Vincis lifebuoy. Drawing by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) of a lifesaving ring being used to keep a man afloat in the sea

Da Vincis diving apparatus
Da Vincis diving suit. Drawing by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) of his design for a diving suit. The front of the waterproofed leather suit contains a large pocket that can be filled with air

Columbus landing at Hispaniola. The Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) landed on Hispaniola, now Haiti, West Indies, on 5 December 1492

Da Vincis webbed glove for swimming
Da Vincis webbed glove. Drawing by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) of a webbed glove designed to be worn on the hand of a swimmer to provide extra propulsion

Columbuss ship the Santa Maria. The Santa Maria was the Italian explorer Christopher Columbuss (1451-1506) flagship during his voyages that discovered the New World

Da Vincis underwater breathing apparatus. Drawing by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) of his design for a snorkel-like breathing tube

Wound sites, 15th century artwork
Wound sites. 15th century anatomical diagram illustrating the various injuries and their common sites. The diagram, known as a wound man, is from Hieronymus Brunschwigs Book of Cirurgia (Strassburg)

Bloodletting sites, 15th century diagram
Bloodletting sites. 15th century diagram with Latin text illustrating the veins where blood was extracted using cuts or leeches

Early phrenology. 15th-century woodcut attributed to the German artist Albrecht Durer (1471-1528). It was published in Nuremburg, Germany, in 1498, in a book titled Trilogiam Animae

Map of diseases, 15th century diagram
Map of diseases. 15th century diagram with Latin text illustrating which diseases commonly afflict specific parts of the body

Common diseases, 15th century diagram
Common diseases. 15th century diagram with Latin text illustrating which diseases commonly afflict the body. The diagram, known as a disease man

Leonardo da Vinci museum, Italy
Leonardo da Vinci museum. The building at right, the Castello dei Conti Guidi, in the town of Vinci, Italy, houses the Museo Leonardiano. The building dates from the 13th century

Da Vinci coat-of-arms, Leonardo museum
Da Vinci coat-of-arms on the wall of a farmhouse in Anchiano, a village near Vinci, Italy. This is thought to be where the Italian artist

Leonardo da Vinci birthplace and museum. This is the farmhouse in Anchiano, a village near Vinci, Italy, where it is thought Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was born

Laurens Janszoon Coster, Dutch printer
Laurens Janszoon Coster (c.1370-c.1440), Dutch printer, with a printing clamp and printed pages. Coster was a citizen of Haarlem, in the Netherlands, and held the position of sexton (Koster)

Georgius Agricola, German mineralogist
Georgius Agricola (1494-1555), German mineralogist. Georgius Agricola is the latinised version of his given name, Georg Bauer. Agricola worked as a doctor in a number of mining towns in Saxony

Johann Gutenberg, German inventor
Johann Gutenberg (1398-1468), German inventor of the printing press. This statue of Gutenberg, carved by Bertel Thorwaldsen (1770-1844), is in Mainz, Germany, Gutenburgs birthplace

Erasmus, Dutch theologian
Erasmus (c.1466-1536), Dutch theologian. Born Gerrit Gerritszoon, and later known as Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, Erasmus studied in monastic schools

Astronomical clock, artwork
Astronomical clock. Computer artwork based on the 15th century astronomical clock in Prague, Czech Republic. This clock charts the positions of the Sun

Johannes Gutenberg, German printer
Johannes Gutenberg (c.1398-1468), German printer and publisher. Gutenbergs development of moveable type, combined with his printing press, allowed the mass production of printed books

Sebastian Cabot, Italian explorer

Africa, from Fra Mauros world map, 1457
Africa, from Fra Mauros Great Map of the World, 1457. Fra Mauro was a 15th century Italian monk and cartographer. In producing this map, which has been inverted from the original to put north at top

Lorenzo de Medici, Italian statesman
Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492), Italian statesman, historical lithograph. The powerful Medici family combined running the Medici bank with being the de facto rulers of the Republic of Florence

Questi et inventioni diverse by Tartaglia
Questi et inventioni diverse by Niccolo Tartaglia. Fold-out plate from the publication Questi et inventioni diverse, 1546, by the Italian mathematician Niccolo Tartaglia (1499-1557)

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Step back in time to the 1400s, a period filled with intrigue, innovation, and artistic brilliance. Leonardo da Vinci's fascination with anatomy led him to meticulously study the intricacies of the human skull. His detailed drawings continue to captivate us today. Meanwhile, in medieval Spain and Portugal, kingdoms were expanding their territories and shaping history. The map of this era reveals the shifting borders and political landscape that defined these nations. Innovation was on the rise as Johannes Gutenberg introduced his revolutionary printing press in the 1450s. This invention would forever change communication by making books more accessible to a wider audience. The Battle of Agincourt loomed large in 1415 as English and French forces prepared for an epic clash during the Hundred Years War. Longbowmen stood ready, their deadly accuracy poised to make a significant impact on this historic battle. Amidst all this turmoil, life continued its course. Ladies in Florence embraced Renaissance ideals as they sought knowledge and indulged in artistry that marked this vibrant period of cultural rebirth. Across Europe, Angevin kings held vast territories both in France and Britain. Their power stretched across borders as they navigated complex alliances and rivalries that shaped dynastic politics. Within castle walls like those found at the Tower of London during the late Middle Ages, lavish dining rooms hosted feasts fit for royalty. These grand halls witnessed both celebrations and secret conversations that influenced destinies. Yet not all discoveries were made within European realms alone; trephination evidence discovered within an Inca skull highlights ancient medical practices from South America—a testament to humanity's quest for understanding even centuries ago. As we delve into history's tapestry woven with diverse threads such as GEUR2A-00057 or NATL2A-00001—codes representing artifacts from different eras—we are reminded of our shared past while marveling at how far we have come since those fateful 1400s.