Volume 7 Collection

Newtons catadioptric telescope, 1672
Newtons catadioptric telescope. 17th-century diagrams showing the optics and alignment of the lenses in the new catadioptric telescope proposed by English physicist Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

Russian imperial hunting party, 1890
Russian imperial hunting party, India. The animal that has been shot here is a leopard. In the front row, from left to right

Head shape variation, 19th century
Head shape variation. Array of head shape drawings for named French soldiers, lawyers, and politicians, collected as part of an anthropological study. Others studied (not shown) included criminals

Tunnel construction, 19th century
Tunnel construction. Hydraulic rams around the circular cutting face push it forward, with the excavated soil and earth being removed by men and donkey-drawn carts

Electric carillon, 19th century
Electric carillon. This device is a set of bells tuned to ring different notes, operated by a keyboard. Here, the apparatus uses electric wires to transmit signals from the keys to the bells

Electrical certification, 19th century
Electrical certification. This is the calibration room of the Central Electricity Laboratory (Laboratoire Central d Electricite, LCE), Paris, France

Jacquard loom, 19th century
Jacquard loom. This device for weaving textiles was invented in 1804 by the French weaver and inventor Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834)

Magnetic ore separator, 19th century
Magnetic ore separator. This apparatus comprises an electromagnet that is being used to magnetise the iron in iron ores and separate them from non-magnetic ores

Hydrogen conductivity, 19th century
Hydrogen conductivity experiment. Electrical current (wires at bottom) is being passed through a platinum wire connecting two electrodes. In air the platinum wire glows due to resistance

Louis Daguerre, French chemist
Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), French chemist and inventor of the photographic process named after him (daguerrotype). Daguerres patent was acquired by the French government in 1839

Anode patterns, 19th century
Anode patterns. Various designs for anodes shaped to produce patterns by electrolytic deposition of metals. These patterns are usually referred to as Nobili rings

Water filters, 19th century
Water filters. These simple filters are based on the siphon principle, using gravity and siphon suction to draw water through the filters and down into the flasks below

Electric candle, 19th century
Electric candle. This apparatus is based on the lamps designed by the French inventor Emile Reynier and the English engineer Richard Werdermann

Koch and tuberculosis, 19th century
Koch and tuberculosis research. The German bacteriologist Robert Koch (1843-1910) is considered one of the founders of modern medical bacteriology

Refrigerated milk cart, 19th century
Refrigerated milk cart. This design, from the USA, used ice to keep the air temperature cool for the transport of milk. Holes in the compartments allowed air to circulate from where the ice

Leonids meteor shower of 1799, in the constellation of Leo, near the star Regulus (lower left). Leonid meteor showers occur annually for about 2 days around mid-November when the Earth crosses

Gas diffusion experiment, 19th century
Gas diffusion experiment. Hydrogen gas is produced from a chemical reaction at left. Since hydrogen is a small and light gas molecule

Kinegraphe camera, 19th century
Kinegraphe camera. Photographer operating a Kinegraphe, an early French camera, the design of which first appeared in the late 1880s

Botanical sundial, 19th century
Botanical sundial. This sundial was located in one of the parks or horticultural gardens in Chicago, USA, which included several such sundials

Steam fireboats, 19th century
Steam fireboats, attending a fire on the River Thames, in London, UK. By 1900 there were some 40 of these fireboats operating

Richard Francis Burton, British explorer
Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890), British explorer. Expelled from Oxford University, Burton served in the army in India for seven years from 1842 where he learnt several Eastern languages

Tuberculosis transfusion, 19th century
Tuberculosis goat blood transfusion. This procedure was carried out by the French doctor Samuel Bernheim (1855-1915) and involved transfusing 150 to 200 grams of blood from the goat to the female

Loudspeaker apparatus, 19th century
Loudspeaker apparatus, as constructed in the laboratory of the French physicist Henri Becquerel (1852-1908). This apparatus includes a Ruhmkorff coil (induction coil)

Bourdin camera, 19th century
Bourdin camera. Woman using a viewfinder while operating an early French camera (Bourdin model). Several early camera designs were produced by the French photographer

Nicephore Niepce, French inventor
Nicephore Niepce (1765-1833), one of the French inventors of photography. Niepce developed a process he called heliography in the 1820s

Electroscope experiment, 19th century
Electroscope experiment. This simple version of an electroscope, designed to detect electric charge, is described as a glass flask with a stopper containing a metal rod

Marmot digestive system, 18th century

Kidney anatomy, 18th century

Conjoined twin skeletons, 18th century

Conjoined twins, 18th century

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"Unveiling the Wonders of Volume 7: A Journey through Centuries" Step into the captivating world of Volume 7, where history intertwines with innovation. From Newton's catadioptric telescope in 1672 to Louis Daguerre's groundbreaking discoveries as a French chemist, this volume is a treasure trove of knowledge. Transport yourself back to the Russian imperial hunting party of 1890, where aristocrats indulged in their passion for adventure and nature. Witness the evolution of head shape variation in the 19th century, an intriguing study that sheds light on our diverse human anatomy. Marvel at the engineering marvels showcased within these pages - tunnel construction and electrical certification from the same era. Discover how electric carillons filled cities with melodious tunes while magnetic ore separators revolutionized mining operations. Delve into scientific breakthroughs like hydrogen conductivity research and anode patterns that paved the way for modern advancements. Learn about Jacquard looms' intricate weaving techniques and witness water filters' transformative impact on public health. Volume 7 invites you to explore these remarkable stories that have shaped our world. Immerse yourself in its pages as it unravels mysteries, celebrates triumphs, and showcases humanity's insatiable thirst for progress. Join us on this journey through centuries as we uncover hidden gems from history's vaults. Let Volume 7 be your guide to understanding how past innovations continue to influence our present and inspire future generations.