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Vertebrate Gallery

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column made of vertebrae



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Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column made of vertebrae. They include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and are the most complex animals on Earth and they have many unique characteristics such as a well-developed brain and sense organs. Most vertebrates have four limbs for locomotion and some species can fly or swim. Vertebrates also possess an endoskeleton which is composed of bones and cartilage that provide structural support to the body. This endoskeleton also helps protect internal organs from external forces. The circulatory system of vertebrates is closed which means that blood is pumped around the body in vessels rather than being exposed to the environment directly like in invertebrate animals.