Southern Gallery

Deesis Mosaic. 13th c. TURKEY. Istanbul. Hagia

Deesis Mosaic. 13th c. TURKEY. Istanbul. Hagia Sophia (Basilica of St. Sophia). Detail of Christ Pantocrator. Work located at the southern side of the higher gallery. Late Byzantine art. Mosaic

© Mary Evans Picture Library 2015 - https://copyrighthub.org/s0/hub1/creation/maryevans/MaryEvansPictureID/10686134

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Map of the world, 1660

17th century map of the world. Published in Amsterdam in 1660, this map by the Dutch cartographer Frederick de Witt (1630-1706) shows the expanding exploration of the known world. The map divides the Earth into a western and eastern hemisphere. In the upper corners are the constellations of the northern and southern celestial poles, with the geographical poles in the lower corners. Above and below the hemispheres are the Aristotlean elements of Air, Fire, Earth and Water. At upper centre is the Sun, with the Earth orbiting on an ecliptic ring of zodaical symbols. At lower centre, Ptolemy's geocentric cosmology (left) is contrasted with the heliocentric Copernican cosmology (right)

© Library Of Congress, Geography And Map Division/Science Photo Library

Antarctic exploration, route maps

Antarctic exploration. Map of Antarctica showing the routes taken by Ernest Shackleton (1914 to 1916, red), Roald Amundsen (1911 to 1912, brown), Robert Scott (1911 to 1912, blue) and Richard Byrd (1929, green). Shackleton's route, on the ship Endurance, was part of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The ship was trapped in pack ice and sank. The dotted line shows the return journey. Amundsen and Scott both attempted to reach the South Pole, Amundsen succeeding, the first to do so. Scott also reached the Pole, but perished on the return journey. Byrd's journey was by aircraft, the first flight over the South Pole

© MIKKEL JUUL JENSEN / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY