Refractory Collection

The Duchess of Kingston forcing her refractory Banker to cash up (engraving)
2786941 The Duchess of Kingston forcing her refractory Banker to cash up (engraving) by Browne, Hablot Knight (Phiz) (1815-92) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

Plate 662. Mule; A, B, A Refractory Animal Denver, 1885 (collotype on paper)
3950638 Plate 662. Mule; A, B, A Refractory Animal Denver, 1885 (collotype on paper) by Muybridge, Eadweard (1830-1904); 18.1x41.3 cm; Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, MA

Female Convict Life at Woking (engraving)
1046589 Female Convict Life at Woking (engraving) by Renouard, Charles Paul (1845-1924) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Female Convict Life at Woking)

Plate 663. Mule; A, B, A Refractory Animal Denver, 1885 (collotype on paper)
3950639 Plate 663. Mule; A, B, A Refractory Animal Denver, 1885 (collotype on paper) by Muybridge, Eadweard (1830-1904); 17.2x44 cm; Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, MA

Fire festival honor Darma Raja DrobedA Refractory
Fire festival in honor of Darma Raja and Drobede, Refractory in honor of Darma Raja and Drobede. Indians go over glowing coal to purify themselves by the fire, Signed: P

English Cathedrals - Chapter House, Ripon - Inside chapter house - Long Refractory table, cloth covered and two chairs, Vaulted roof. Part of Box 144 Boswell Collection - English Cathedrals

Punishment cell, Millbank Prison
Prisoner in refractory (punishment) cell at Millbank Prison, London. Date: 1862

Gold ore processing plant
Gold production. View of a large processing facility for treating gold ores. This kind of plant is used with high refractory ores

Model Repartee by Dudley Hardy
Humorous sketch by Dudley Hardy showing a frustrated artist trying to deal with a cheeky model. Artist (to refractory model): Do sit still! You are a little devil

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Refractory: Obstinately resisting change or authority, this term holds a fascinating history. In the engraving "The Duchess of Kingston forcing her refractory Banker to cash up" (Plate 662), we see a woman of power compelling a reluctant banker to comply. The term it also applies to animals, like the mule depicted in "Mule; A, B, A Refractory Animal Denver, 1885" (Plate 663), which is known for its stubbornness. In the world of punishment, refractory female convicts were isolated in padded rooms, as seen in "Female Convict Life at Woking, Uk, 1889." Fire festivals honored the refractory Darma Raja, defying societal norms and embracing rebellion. Even in gold ore processing plants, refractory materials resist chemical reactions, requiring innovative solutions. In literature, Dudley Hardy's "Model Repartee" explores the wit and defiance characters. Through these various perspectives, the concept sheds light on the complexities of human and animal behavior, as well as historical and cultural norms.