Oxide Collection

Perovskite crystal structure. Perovskite is the name for the mineral calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3)

Cassiterite, Wherry Mine, Wherrytown, Penzance, Cornwall, England
Cassiterite with quartz. A very rich tin ore of a brown colour with black crystals of a curious form on the surface intermixed with white quartz

Crucifix set with sapphires, zircon, spinel, cairngorm and amethyst. The whole cross is bordered by diamonds

Franklinite, zinc ore
A granular rock composed of white calcite, dull green willemite, red zincite and black franklinite (Zinc Iron Manganese Oxide). See T00387 for a fluorescent view

Perovskite
Large black, pseudocubic crystals of perovskite (calcium titanium oxide). It is a source of titanium and some rare earth metals

Rocks, Copper
Native copper, cuprite, azurite (blue oxide of copper), malachite, copper pyrites, peacock copper

ilmenite (titanium ore) from Froland, Norway isolated on white background

Cuprite with Minor Quartz, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
This specimen was drawn for Specimens of British Minerals, Selected from the Cabinet of Philip Rashleigh (1797, Volume 1, Plate 16)

Cassiterite, Ulu Johan, Ipoh, Kinta district, Southern Perak, Malaysia
This large specimen of water worn cassiterite was brought to Cornwall from Malaysia by Redruth businessman James Wickett in 1910

Hematite, Buxton, England
Massive, compact, water worn hematite, dark red in colour. The specimen label states Iron Ore, the best pieces are used for burnishing when polished - from Buxton or thereabouts

Goethite with Calcite, Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England
Stalactitic goethite with colourless calcite crystals. This variety of goethite, known as brush ore, was high quality iron ore from the Forest of Dean, often containing between 60-65% iron

Manganite, Warwickshire, England
Acicular manganite crystals on massive manganite

Cassiterite, Wheal Maudlin, Lostwithiel (formerly in Lanlivery Parish), Cornwall, England
A superb twinned crystal of cassiterite. In Cornwall, cassiterite is concentrated in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites associated with granite intrusions

Cassiterite Partly Replacing Orthoclase, Wheal Coates, St Agnes, Cornwall, England
Twinned crystals of orthoclase feldspar partially replaced by cassiterite

Cassiterite, St Agnes, Cornwall, England
Large crystals of cassiterite, varying from black to dark brown in colour. In Cornwall, cassiterite is concentrated in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites associated with granite intrusions

Red Hematite (Iron Ore) Red Hematite (Iron Ore)

Polyethylene glycol 10.000 (PEG)
Polyethylene glycol 10.000 (PEG, polyethylene oxide, PEO) molecule, chemical structure - linear fragment (detail) Polyethylene glycol 10.000 (PEG, polyethylene oxide, PEO) molecule

Pelican, France, c. 1896. Creators: Emmanuel Fremiet, Emile Muller
Pelican, France, c. 1896

London smog map
London smog, 1952, pollution contours diagram of oxides of sulphur Date: 5th-9th December 1952

Details of a sand dune in Namibia An abstract image of a oxide rich sand dune in Namibia

A sand dune rises above the fog line in Sossusvlei, Namibia A peak of a sand dune rises above the fog in Sossusvlei, Namibia

Contrasted abstract of the Oxide rich red sand dunes in the great sand sea of Namibia Contrasted abstract of the Oxide rich red sand dunes in the great sand sea of Namibia

A lone camelthorn tree stands in front of a large red sand dune in Sossusvlei, Namibia A tree is dwarfed against a large red oxide sand dune in Sossusvlei, Hardap region, Namibia

Red sand dunes under the morning light in Sossusvlei, Namibia An abstract image of a large red sand dune in Namibia

Advertisement, Dr Williams pink pills for pale people. Afraid to face traffic. Nerves in a terrible state and anaemia made her as pale as death

The audience at a lecture enjoying the effects of laughing gas (nitrous oxide)
527511 The audience at a lecture enjoying the effects of laughing gas (nitrous oxide). Illustration by George Cruikshank for John Scoffern Chemistry No Mystery: or, a Lecturers Bequest, London, 1834

Tea Bowl with "Oil Spot"Markings, Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Creator: Unknown
Tea Bowl with " Oil Spot" Markings, Jin dynasty (1115-1234)

Minerals collected by John Mawe in Brazil, 1812
Minerals collected by the author during his tour: chrome of lead, gold in chlorite, new variety of hydragillite, red oxide of titanium, conglomerate mass containing gold and sometimes diamond

Brown Still Life
Chechi Peinado

Information leaflet, Dr Williams pink pills for pale people
Information leaflet for Dr Williams pink pills for pale people. The patent medicine pills contained iron oxide and magnesium sulphate

Advertisement, Dr Williams pink pills for pale people. Mother weak from childhood. Son a victim of St Vitus Dance. The patent medicine pills contained iron oxide and magnesium sulphate

Corundum variety ruby; crystal and gems
Crystal and gem specimens of ruby, the red variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Corundum has two varieties, the other being sapphire

Moon rock fragment from the last Apollo space mission, Apollo 17, encased in perspex on a wooden plaque. The thumbnail-size rock is around 3.7 billion years old

PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Rabaul. Japanese reconnaissance aircraft Mitsubishi F-1 shotted down in Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, during the Second World War

Tenorite mineral crystals C016 / 4933
Tenorite mineral crystals. Tenorite is a form of copper oxide. It is found as grey-to-black metallic crystals (in fibrous form here) as a by-product of lava flows

The Hope Chrysoberyl
Glittering 45-carat chrysoberyl gemstone from Brazil which, has been known among gemmologists for about 170 years

Sapphire Buddha pin less then two centimetres tall. Sapphie is so hard it would have needed something as hard or harder to shape it, most probably another Sapphire

Sapphire turban button
A rose-cut facetted deep-blue sapphire mounted in a button of quartz, inlaid with gold, rubies & emeralds. No 198 in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane

Limonite, also known as ironstone, is comprised of (hydrated iron oxide) and is characterized by its rusty colour and banded appearance

Chrysis rudii, ruby-tailed wasp
An illustration of a ruby-tailed wasp (Chrysis rudii)

Chrysoberyl cut stone
This is Alexandrite, a cushion-shaped Chrysoberyl (beryllium aluminum oxide) gemstone. Alexandrite is named after the former czar of Russia, Alexander II

Tarnished sodium metal. Chunk of the reactive metallic element sodium (Na). Part of this surface was recently exposed by a knife cut

Molten aluminium ore being poured
Aluminium production. Molten aluminium ore being poured into an electrolysis cell

Alexandrite crystals
A cluster of the gemstone alexandrite trillings, or twinned crystals. This gemstone was named after the Russian Tsar Alexander II. It can appear in both red or green

United States, Colorado, San Juan Mountains, trees, and brown, red and yellow iron
Colorado, San Juan Mountains, trees, and brown, red and yellow iron oxide colors on the slopes of Anvil Mountain

The Golden Gate bridge and the entrance to San Francisco Bay

Fishermens huts and Genoese-built citadel in Essaouira harbour
Fishermens huts and Scala Du Port Genoese-built citadel in Essaouira harbour. The fortress Skala du Port is one of the symbols of the city of Essaouira

North tower of the Golden Gate bridge with San Francisco in the distance

Picture No. 11049896
Iron Oxides in the sandstone Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo, Asia Date:

Picture No. 11049895
Iron Oxides in the sandstone Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo, Asia Date:

Picture No. 11050185
Zincite New Jersey, USA Date:

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1894) French chemist, investigating the existence of oxygen in the air: experiment in which he obtained mercuric oxide

Lavoisiers investigation of the existence of oxygen in the air. Mercury in trough
Lavoisiers investigation of the existence of oxygen in the air

Humphry Davy (1778-1829) British chemist, 1800. Inventor of safety lamp for miners. Using electrolysis he discovered a number of elements. Worked on Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas)

Humphry Davy (1778-1829) British chemist. Inventor of safety lamp for miners. Using electrolysis he discovered a number of elements. Worked on Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas)

Frederick Settle Barff (1823-1887) English chemist born at Hackney, Greater London

Balance being used by Indian Betel dealer to weigh his goods

Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831), American scientist, physician and politician

Desert varnish on red Wingate sandstone, Long Canyon, near Boulder, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, U.S.A. October

Micaceous sandstone with patches of iron oxide on surface

Round cut mauve Spinel gemstone

Cut Red Spinel gemstone

Rough Diaspore

Cut Diaspore gemstone

Mineral oxide layer C016 / 9738
Irridescent mineral oxide layer caused by weathering on a piece of Ordovician shale at Abereiddy, West Wales

Patina on COR-TEN Steel C016 / 9203
Cor-Ten is a weathering steel; after being exposed to the elements, the top layer becomes a protective rust that never needs painting

Carbon and silicate planets, artworks C015 / 0775
Carbon and silicate planets. Cutaway artworks of the internal structure of a carbon-based (top) and silicate-based (bottom) planet

Yellow sapphire C016 / 6139
Yellow sapphire from Sri Lanka. It weighs 101 carats and was acquired by the Natural History Museum, London, UK, in 1874

Cursed amethyst C016 / 6143
Cursed amethyst. When this amethyst was received by the museum in 1943 a note inside the box read this stone is trebly accursed and is stained with the blood

Air monitoring station C018 / 0039
Air monitoring station in grounds of school. Photographed in Willenhall, West Midlands

Air quality monitoring station C018 / 0044
Air quality monitoring station, Tyburn Road, Birmingham. The station is situated in a dense urban area, with polluting industries, busy arterial roads and motorways nearby

Perovskite mineral, molecular model C016 / 5803
Perovskite mineral, molecular model. Perovskite is a mineral form of calcium titanate, with the chemical formula Ca.Ti.O3

Perovskite mineral, molecular model C016 / 5802
Perovskite mineral, molecular model. Perovskite is a mineral form of calcium titanate, with the chemical formula Ca.Ti.O3

Ruby C016 / 5626
Ruby. Ruby is a variety of corundum, which is the second hardest natural substance known on Earth

Haematite mineral specimen C016 / 5115
Haematite mineral specimen. Iridescent crystalline mass of haematite (iron oxide). This specimen is from from Rio Marina, on the Mediterranean island of Elba

Chromite C013 / 6672
Chromite (iron chromium oxide) is the ore of chromium and has an attractive shiny surface. It is used in the manufacture of stainless steel and in metallic paints

Ruin marble C013 / 6644
Polished ruin marble. Ruin marble is a kind of limestone or marble that contains light and dark patterns, giving it the impression of a ruined cityscape

Diamond flower brooch
Victorian diamond-encrusted flower with a sapphire at its centre

Yellow sapphire from Sri Lanka, 101 carats. Acquired by the museum in 1874

Padparadscha is one of the most unusual varieties of the mineral corundum

Blue sapphire
Sri Lankan specimen of blue sapphire. A rare example of the uncut material

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"Exploring the World of Oxide: From Perovskite Crystal Structure to Ancient Mines" Delving into the depths of mineralogy, we uncover the fascinating world of oxides. Journeying to Wherry Mine in Cornwall, England, we discover Cassiterite - a captivating oxide with its unique crystal structure. Franklinite, a zinc ore found in Wherrytown's mines, showcases the diverse range of oxides and their industrial applications. The enigmatic beauty of Perovskite captivates our imagination as we explore its intricate crystal lattice structure. Unveiling the intriguing connection between oxides and religion, we encounter a Crucifix carved from an ancient rock rich in copper oxide minerals. Rewinding time through vintage advertisements, Dr Williams' pink pills for pale people remind us how oxides have been used historically for medicinal purposes. Gazing upon Cuprite with Minor Quartz from Gwennap's mines in Cornwall takes us on a visual journey through nature's artistic expression using vibrant red oxide hues. Hematite from Buxton reveals nature's mastery at creating stunning formations that showcase iron oxide's mesmerizing colors and patterns. In Forest of Dean, Goethite with Calcite reminds us that even humble rust can transform into breathtaking works of art when combined with other minerals like calcite crystals. Manganite from Warwickshire tells tales of geological wonders hidden beneath our feet - showcasing manganese dioxide's ability to form striking black crystalline structures. Wheal Maudlin in Lostwithiel holds secrets within its ancient grounds; Cassiterite emerges as a testament to Cornwall’s rich mining history and its significant role in tin production. In this captivating exploration into the realm of oxides, we witness their remarkable diversity and undeniable allure across various locations worldwide – reminding us that these compounds are not just scientific curiosities, but also integral parts of our geological heritage.