Mutualistic Collection

Twoband anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in sea anemone on a coral reef. Anemonefish, also called clownfish, live in association with anemones. Both partners benefit in a mutualistic association

Fly agaric fungi (Amanita muscaria). The mycelium of the fly agaric fungus shares a symbiotic relationship with spruce, forming a mycorrhizal sheath around the roots of the tree

Picture No. 12479486
Fried egg jellyfish or Mediterranean jellyfish, Date:

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Wide-barred Goby - with fin extended with Snapping Shrimp, Alpheus sp - Wreck Slope dive site, Tulamben, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia

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Emperor Angelfish - being cleaned by a Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus - Pantai Lahar dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 09-Nov-19

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Scissortail Fusilier being cleaned by a Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus - Liberty Wreck dive site, Tulamben, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 09-Nov-19

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Yellownose Shrimpgoby - with Randall's Snapping Shrimp, Alpheus randalli, cleaning hole - Pong Pong dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 08-Nov-19

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Long-cirri Phyllodesmium Nudibranch with cerata - with digestive gland ducts connected to zooxanthellae - Muka Linggua dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia

Picture No. 12479485
Fried egg jellyfish or Mediterranean jellyfish, Date:

Cape buffalo and yellow-billed oxpecker C018 / 9223
Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africanus) eating flies from its face. This bird feeds on ticks

Cup lichen (Cladonia sp. )
Cup lichen (Cladonia sp.) growing on a stone. Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another. Photographed in the UK

Lichen, SEM C015 / 5082
Lichen, coloured environmental scanning electron micrograph (ESEM). Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another

Pine cone on lichen. Close-up of a cone from a pine (Pinus sp.) tree on reindeer lichen (Cladonia portentosa). Photographed in the UK

Ants harvesting treehopper honeydew
Ants (brown) harvesting treehopper (green) honeydew. Honeydew is a sugary substance excreted by certain insects and their larvae (here)

Cape buffalo and yellow-billed oxpecker
Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with a yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus) sitting on its horns. This bird feeds on ticks and other parasites which it finds on the hides of buffalo

Ocellaris anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) hidden in a sea anemone. Anemonefish, also called clownfish, live in association with sea anemones. Both partners benefit in a mutualistic association

Redtoothed triggerfish (Odonus niger, blue) with cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus, yellow and white). Photographed off Bali, Indonesia

Twoband anemonefish. Two twoband anemone fish (Amphiprion bicinctus) amongst their host anemones. The anemonefish, also known as the clown fish, is always found in association with sea anemones

Ocellaris anemonefish laying eggs
Ocellaris anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) laying eggs. The process of egg laying lasts around half an hour. The female lays between 100- 1000 eggs

Ocellaris anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) hidden in a magnificent sea anemone (Heteractic magnifica) on a coral reef. Anemonefish, also called clownfish, live in association with anemones

Leaf-cutter ants

Blue triggerfish and cleaner wrasse. Blue triggerfish (Pseudobalistes fuscus) with two bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) on it. Photographed in the Red Sea, Egypt

Cattle tyrant flycatcher

Three-band anemonefish (Amphriprion tricinctus) in a breeding farm. This fish is a type of clownfish. Clownfish are immune to the stings of anemones, enabling them to live within their tentacles

Fusilier and cleaner wrasse. Twinstripe fusilier (Pterocaesio marri) with a bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) cleaning the inside of its mouth

Giant moray eel (Gymnothorax javanicus) with a bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus). Giant morays are the largest of the moray eels and are widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific region

Giant moray eel and cleaner wrasse
Giant moray eel (Gymnothorax javanicus) with a bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus, by eels mouth). Cleaner wrasses remove parasites from the bodies of other fish

Golden damselfish and cleaner wrasse
Golden damselfish (Amblyglyphidodon aureus, yellow) with a bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus). This species of damselfish inhabits reefs in the tropical Indo-Pacific region

Star pufferfish and cleaner wrasse
Star pufferfish (Arothron stellatus) being cleaned by a bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus, between eyes). Cleaner wrasses remove parasites from the bodies of other fish

Star pufferfish and cleaner wrasse
Star pufferfish (Arothron stellatus) being cleaned by a bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus, lower left). Cleaner wrasses remove parasites from the bodies of other fish

Lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii) growing on the branches of a valley oak tree (Quercus lobata). Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another

Lichens

Fly agaric fungus (Amanita muscaria). The mycelium of the fly agaric fungus shares a symbiotic relationship with the spruce, forming a mycorrhizal sheath around the roots of the tree

Lichen (Teloschistes capensis). Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another. The alga is contained within the hyphae (filaments) of the fungus

Death cap fungi (Amanita phalloides) at the base of a beech tree (Fagus sp. not seen) The mycelium of the death cap fungus shares a symbiotic relationship with the beech

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, SEM
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (Rhizobium sp.) living on a root nodule of a runner bean plant (Phaseolus coccineus)

Saddleback anemonefish eggs (Amphiprion polymnus). The eggs were fertilised by the male as they were laid by the female and take about 6-10 days to hatch

Map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum) on a rock. Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another. Photographed in Scotland

Lichen (Cladonia stellaris)
Cladonia stellaris lichen (white) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, green and orange). Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another

Lichen on cinnamon trees
Lichen on cinnamon tree trunks (Cinnamomum verum). Lichens are formed from the symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga. The alga is contained within the hyphae (filaments) of the fungus

Lichen (Hypogymnia physodes) on a twig. Lichens are formed from the a symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga. The alga is contained within the hyphae (filaments) of the fungus

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"Nature's Perfect Partnerships: Exploring the Fascinating World Relationships" In the depths of the ocean, amidst vibrant coral reefs, a mesmerizing dance unfolds. The Twoband anemonefish finds solace and protection in the delicate tendrils of its host anemone. This mutualistic bond ensures both partners thrive in their underwater realm. Venturing into the enchanting world of forests, we encounter another captivating example of mutualism. Fly agaric fungi, with their striking red caps adorned with white spots, form a symbiotic relationship with surrounding trees. These fungi provide essential nutrients to the trees while receiving sugars in return - a perfect trade-off for survival. Picture No. 12479486 takes us on a visual journey beneath azure waters where UW INDO 2027 05 captures the intricate beauty of coral reefs teeming with life. Here, countless species engage in mutually beneficial relationships that sustain this fragile ecosystem. UW INDO 1906 59 transports us deeper into this marine wonderland where colorful sea fans sway gracefully alongside tiny fish seeking refuge and nourishment among their branches. Such partnerships exemplify nature's remarkable ability to foster cooperation between different organisms for shared benefits. Delving further into terrestrial landscapes through UW INDO 1905 53 and UW INDO 1902 19 reveals yet more mutualism at work. Picture No. 13131094 showcases Cape buffalo grazing peacefully while being attended by diligent yellow-billed oxpeckers who rid them of pesky parasites - a harmonious alliance ensuring both parties thrive. The wonders continue as we zoom closer to earth's surface through Picture No. 12479485 capturing Cup lichen (Cladonia sp. ) adorning rocks like miniature forest canopies; these lichens forge alliances between algae or cyanobacteria and fungi, creating resilient ecosystems even in harsh environments. Finally, SEM C015 /5082 unveils the microscopic world of lichens, where intricate structures emerge.