Jim Crow Collection

American civil rights advocate. Parks sits at the front of a public bus (formerly whites only ) in Montgomery, Alabama
ROSA PARKS (1913-2005). American civil rights advocate. Parks sits at the front of a public bus (formerly whites only ) in Montgomery, Alabama, 21 December 1956

Police dog attacking a young black man during the Youth Mass Demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama, spring 1963
CIVIL RIGHTS, 1963. Police dog attacking a young black man during the Youth Mass Demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama, spring 1963

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968). American clergyman and reformer. Dr. King (fourth from right) leading the march from Selma on the state capitol at Montgomery, Alabama, 25 March 1965

Left to right: NaCP attorneys George E. C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall and James Nabrit, Jr
NaCP ATTORNEYS, 1954. Left to right: NaCP attorneys George E.C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall and James Nabrit, Jr. celebrate their victory in the Brown vs

Integration Protest, Monroe, North Carolina. Photograph by Delcan Haun, August 1961
CIVIL RIGHTS, 1961. Integration Protest, Monroe, North Carolina. Photograph by Delcan Haun, August 1961

(1929-1968). American clergyman and civil rights leader. Kings last public appearance
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968). American clergyman and civil rights leader. Kings last public appearance, 3 April 1968 at Mason Temple in Memphis, Tennessee, the night before his assassination

BUS TERMINAL, 1943. Passengers in the whites only waiting area at the Greyhound bus terminal in Memphis, Tennessee. Photograph by Esther Bubley, 1943

BUS STATION, 1943. The sign for the colored waiting room at a bus station in Rome, Georgia. Photograph by Esther Bubley, 1943

JIM CROW LAWS, 1939. A segregated water fountain at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Photographed by Russell Lee, 1939

Leaders of the NaCP: Henry L. Moon, Roy Wilkins, Herbert Hill and Thurgood Marshall. Photograph, 1956
NaCP LEADERS, 1956. Leaders of the NaCP: Henry L. Moon, Roy Wilkins, Herbert Hill and Thurgood Marshall. Photograph, 1956

James Meredith (with cane) and Martin Luther King, Jr. during the Freedom March from Canton
KING AND MEREDITH, 1966. James Meredith (with cane) and Martin Luther King, Jr. during the Freedom March from Canton, Mississippi to the Tougaloo College campus, 25 June 1966

Four young black men sitting in at a segregated lunch counter at a drug store in Jackson, Mississippi
LUNCH COUNTER SIT-IN, 1961. Four young black men sitting in at a segregated lunch counter at a drug store in Jackson, Mississippi

PUBLIC HEALTH DISPENSARY. Patients waiting in the segregated waiting room at a public health dispensary in Washington, D.C. Photograph, November 1920

SCHOOL DESEGREGATION, 1958. New York City Mayor Robert Wagner meeting the Little Rock Nine. In the front row from left to right are Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Carlotta Walls, Mayor Wagner

CIVIL RIGHTS MARCH, 1965. Men participating in the civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. Photograph by Peter Pettus, 1965

SEGREGATED FOUNTAIN, 1943. A whites only drinking fountain at the Bethlehem-Fairfield shipyards in Baltimore, Maryland. Photograph by Arthur Siegel, 1943

INTEGRATION: OLE MISS, 1962. Heavy military presence on the University of Mississippi campus in Oxford, Mississippi, brought in to protect James Meredith, the first black student

INTEGRATION: OLE MISS, 1962. A military jeep escorting the car carrying James Meredith, the first black student at the University of Mississippi campus in Oxford, Mississippi. Photograph, Marion S

INTEGRATION: OLE MISS, 1962. Military presence outside of Baxter Hall where James Meredith, the first black student, lived at the University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi. Photograph, Marion S

INTEGRATION: OLE MISS, 1962. Soldiers and tents across from Baxter Hall where James Meredith, the first black student, lived at the University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi

DETROIT, 1942. People waiting to drink from a water fountain at the zoo in Detroit, Michigan. Photograph by Arthur Siegel, 1942

SEGREGATED ENTRANCE, 1940. Door marked white ladies only on a store in Durham, North Carolina. Photograph by Jack Delano, May 1940

MEMPHIS: BEALE ST. c1939. Men in front of a billiard hall on Beale Street in Memphis, Tennessee. Photograph by Marion Post Wolcott, c1939

MEMPHIS: BEALE ST. c1939. Secondhand clothing stores and pawn shops on Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee. Photograph by Marion Post Wolcott, c1939

SEGREGATED BUS STOP, 1940. Scene at a segregated bus stop in Durham, North Carolina. Photographed by Jack Delano, May 1940

SEGREGATED SCHOOL, 1941. An African American singing class in a rural one room schoolhouse, Greene County, Georgia. Photograph by Jack Delano, October 1941

SEGREGATED SCHOOL, 1938. One room African American schoolhouse in Destrehan, Louisiana. Photograph by Russell Lee, September 1938

SEGREGATED FOUNTAIN, 1938. A boy drinking from a segregated water fountain on the county courthouse lawn in Halifax, North Carolina. Photographed by John Vachon, April 1938

SEGREGATED THEATER, 1939. An African American going into the colored entrance of a movie theater in Belzoni, Mississippi. Photographed by Marion Post Wolcott in 1939

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, 1902. Students at Tuskegee Institute learning about the Jamestown colony in a history class. Oil over photograph by Frances B. Johnston, 1902

A Privilege?. Wife: I wish you were not allowed in here. American cartoon by Thomas Nast, 1875
SEGREGATED SALOON, 1875. A Privilege?. Wife: " I wish you were not allowed in here." American cartoon by Thomas Nast, 1875

White students in class at the University of Oklahoma, while G. W. McLaurin, an African American student
SCHOOL SEGREGATION, 1948. White students in class at the University of Oklahoma, while G.W. McLaurin, an African American student, is seated in the anteroom. Photograph, 1948

Pleasant Green School, a one-room schoolhouse known as one of the best African American schools in the County
SEGREGATED SCHOOL, 1921. Pleasant Green School, a one-room schoolhouse known as one of the best African American schools in the County

Two civil rights activists help an African American couple from Mississippi register to vote during the Freedom Summer
FREEDOM SUMMER, 1964. Two civil rights activists help an African American couple from Mississippi register to vote during the Freedom Summer of 1964

Vivian Malone entering Foster Auditorium to become one of the first black students to attend the University of Alabama
DESEGREGATION, 1963. Vivian Malone entering Foster Auditorium to become one of the first black students to attend the University of Alabama on 11 June 1963

Group of African Americans viewing the bomb-damaged home of Arthur Shores, NaCP attorney, Birmingham, Alabama
ALABAMA: CIVIL RIGHTS. Group of African Americans viewing the bomb-damaged home of Arthur Shores, NaCP attorney, Birmingham, Alabama. Photographed by Marion Trikosko, 5 September 1963

(1908-1993). American jurist. NaCP lawyers Marshall, standing, and Charles Houston, right
THURGOOD MARSHALL (1908-1993). American jurist. NaCP lawyers Marshall, standing, and Charles Houston, right, during court proceedings in Maryland, 1935, with their client, Donald Gaines Murray

LUNCH COUNTER SIT-IN, 1963. Three demonstrators at a lunch counter sit-in in Jackson, Mississippi, are smeared with ketchup, mustard and sugar by integration opponents, 1963

Three high school girls in Little Rock, Arkansas, sitting on the floor while learning a school lesson from
ANTI-INTEGRATION, 1958. Three high school girls in Little Rock, Arkansas, sitting on the floor while learning a school lesson from the television at home when the Little Rock schools were closed to

(1919-1998). American politician. Wallace (left, in suit) as governor of Alabama
GEORGE C. WALLACE (1919-1998). American politician. Wallace (left, in suit) as governor of Alabama, attempting to block integration at the University of Alabama by standing in the doorway while being

Lunch counter employees at a Peoples Drug store in Arlington, Virginia, preparing to close early while black
LUNCH COUNTER SIT-IN, 1960. Lunch counter employees at a Peoples Drug store in Arlington, Virginia, preparing to close early while black and white customers stage a sit-in demonstration, 9 June 1960

Black students walking through a crowd of white boys in Clinton, Tennessee
SCHOOL DESEGREGATION, 1956. Black students walking through a crowd of white boys in Clinton, Tennessee, during a period of violence related to school integration, 4 December 1956

Alabama National Guardsmen and Highway Patrolmen turning over to their Mississippi counterparts the escort duty for a
FREEDOM RIDERS, 1961. Alabama National Guardsmen and Highway Patrolmen turning over to their Mississippi counterparts the escort duty for a freedom rider interstate bus, 1961

Martin Luther King, Jr. Roy Wilkins, and other civil rights leaders surrounded by crowds carrying signs at the March
MARCH ON WASHINGTON, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. Roy Wilkins, and other civil rights leaders surrounded by crowds carrying signs at the March on Washington, 28 August 1963

A black student walking through a crowd of white boys in Clinton, Tennessee
SCHOOL DESEGREGATION, 1956. A black student walking through a crowd of white boys in Clinton, Tennessee, during a period of violence related to school integration, 4 December 1956

(1929-1868). American cleric and civil rights leader. Speaking at Selma, Alabama, on 22 January 1965
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1868). American cleric and civil rights leader. Speaking at Selma, Alabama, on 22 January 1965

Scene at a department store lunch counter in Portsmouth, Virginia, 16 February 1960
LUNCH COUNTER SIT-IN, 1960. Scene at a department store lunch counter in Portsmouth, Virginia, 16 February 1960, minutes before fighting erupted between white high school students

March in Washington, D. C. conducted by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 22 September 1963
CIVIL RIGHTS MARCH, 1963. March in Washington, D.C. conducted by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 22 September 1963

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"Jim Crow: The Fight for Equality and Justice in America" In the face of adversity, American civil rights advocate Jim Crow stood as a symbol of resilience and determination. His actions would forever change the course of history, challenging the oppressive system that sought to divide communities based on race. One iconic moment captured this struggle when Rosa Parks defiantly took her seat at the front of a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama on December 21, 1956. Seated behind her was reporter Nicholas C. Criss, witnessing firsthand an act that would ignite a movement. However, not all battles were fought peacefully. In Birmingham during the spring of 1963, a police dog viciously attacked a young black man during the Youth Mass Demonstration. This shocking image served as a stark reminder of the violence faced by those fighting for their basic human rights. Yet amidst these dark times emerged rays of hope and triumph. Attorneys George E. C Hayes, Thurgood Marshall, and James Nabrit Jr. , celebrated their victory in Brown vs. Board of Education at the Supreme Court on May 17th, 1954 – marking an end to racial segregation in schools across America. The indomitable spirit continued with Martin Luther King Jr. , who led countless marches towards justice. On March 25th, 1965 he marched from Selma to Montgomery alongside thousands seeking equality – his presence inspiring generations to come. Throughout history there were countless instances where discrimination reared its ugly head; such as Monroe's Integration Protest photographed by Delcan Haun in August 1961 or Dr. King's last public appearance before his assassination at Mason Temple in Memphis Tennessee on April 3rd, 1968 - reminding us how far we still had to go. From images depicting public floggings like Delaware's whipping post photograph from1910 or segregated water fountains seen at Oklahoma City in1939 - it is clear that oppression persisted, but so did the fight against it.