Human Evolution Collection (page 5)

Paranthropus robustus. Artists impression of the skull and face of the early hominid Paranthropus robustus. P. robustus means " robust equal of man"

Homo ergaster behaviour, artists impression. H. ergaster is traditionally considered an early type of H. erectus by scientists. However, there are differences between the early populations of H

Human ancestor, computer artwork
Human ancestor. Computer artwork of an upright walking hominid carrying a spear for hunting

Homo georgicus family eating meat. This illustration depcits a hominid family which lived during the Pleistocene era. Its remains were found in 1999

Kenyanthropus platyops. Artists impression of the skull and face of of Kenyanthropus platyops. The remains of this hominid were found in 1999 at Lake Turkana

Modern man. Model of a Homo sapien man. Modern humans are characterised by the lighter build of their skeletons compared to earlier humans

Male hominid, computer artwork
Male hominid. Computer artwork of a male hominid. Prehistoric ape-like creatures such as Australopithecus sp. were able to walk on two legs with a fully upright posture

Australopithecus africanus. Artists impression of the skull, facial muscle structure and face of an Australopithecus africanus hominid. A

Fossilised frontal bone, Gran Dolina
Fossilised frontal bone from a childs skull. Fragments of a 12-year-old childs cranial bone being pieced together by a palaeontologist

Homo heidelbergensis female, artists impression. H. heidelbergensis lived between 600, 000 and 250, 000 years ago in the Pleistocene era

Paranthropus aethiopicus skull and head
Paranthropus aethiopicus, skull and head. The remains of this hominid were discovered in 1985 at West Turkana in Kenya, Africa. P. aethiopicus lived from 2.5 to 2.7 million years ago (Pilocene era)

Homo antecessor. Artists impression of the skull, head and face of an adult male Homo antecessor. The remains of this hominid were discovered in level TD6 of the Gran Dolina archaeological sites in

Taung Child skull. Artwork, from 1931, showing the appearance and size (scale in millimetres) of the fossil skull discovered by Dart in Taung, South Africa, in 1924

Ice Age Europe. Map showing the extent of glaciation in Europe during the period of peak glaciation during the current Ice Age

Neanderthal and Homo sapiens
Neanderthal (left) and Homo sapiens (right) females, artwork. Neanderthals were shorter and more heavily built than modern humans, who are taller and slenderer

Australopithecus culture. Artwork showing meat being eaten by one of a group of Australopithecus garhi. This hominin species lived around 2.2 million years ago in the eastern part of Africa

Mesolithic culture. Artwork showing Mesolithic villagers with weapons (left) and plucking a bird (right). The Mesolithic is a period of the Stone Age, with dates varying from region to region

Homo heidelbergensis reconstruction. Reconstruction of a Homo heidelbergensis head from skull 5 (Miguelon) found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Hominid fossil sites in Africa. Map of the continent of Africa, where humans first evolved, showing eight sites (dots) where the famous fossils have been found

Neanderthals with modern humans. Artwork showing interactions between Neanderthals and early modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens)

Prehistoric stone tools. Artwork of examples of stone tools used by prehistoric cultures. Such stone tools are classified according to their complexity

Miguelon reconstruction. Artwork of a reconstruction (right) based on a Homo heidelbergensis fossil skull (left). This reconstruction is based on Cranium 5

Nutcracker Man skull
Nutcracker Man. Artwork of the skull of the Paranthropus boisei hominin fossil known as Nutcracker Man. It is formally known as OH 5 (Olduvai Hominid number 5)

Mrs Ples skull. Artwork of the skull of the Australopithecus africanus hominin fossil known as Mrs Ples. It dates from around 2 million years ago and was discovered in Sterkfontein, South Africa

Prehistoric shamanism. Artwork of a shaman engaging in a ritual dance in front of a cave painting of a bison (upper left)

Prehistoric human-animal competition. Artwork showing wolves and early humans competing for the carcass of a hoofed mammal. This will provide meat and clothing for the humans

Human evolutionary taxonomy. Diagram of the evolution of hominin species (dots) over the past seven million years. Bottom: the Ardipithecus group: Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Orrorin tugenensis

Prehistoric cave painting. Artwork of an example of Levantine Art, a term that refers to cave paintings (rock art) found in the eastern (Mediterranean) part of the Iberian Peninsula

Australopithecus and chimpanzee teeth. Artwork comparing the teeth of an Australopithecus (left) and a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, right)

Homo antecessor reconstruction. Reconstruction of a Homo antecessor head from the skull of El Nino de la Gran Dolina (The Child of Gran Dolina)

Australopithecus and chimpanzee hands
Australopithecus (left) and chimpanzee (right) hands, artwork. Both have opposable thumbs, but the chimpanzees thumb is less well-developed and not as strong

Turkana Boy skull
Homo ergaster fossil skull. This specimen is catalogued as KNM-WT 15000, and is colloquially known as Turkana Boy. It consists of almost a complete skeleton

Little Foot skull. Artwork of the skull of the Australopithecus hominin fossil catalogued as Stw 573, and known colloquially as Little Foot. It has been dated to 2.2 to 3.3 million years ago

Australopithecus africanus skull. Artwork of the skull of the Australopithecus africanus hominin fossil catalogued as STS 505

Gran Dolina Boy reconstruction. Artwork of a reconstruction (right) based on Homo antecessor fossils and stone tools (left)

Stone tool, Gran Dolina. This stone tool was formed by striking the stone to produce a continuous edge on one or both sides

Animal tooth, Gran Dolina. Tooth from a sabre- toothed tiger (Smilodon sp.), found in level TD10 (upper levels) of the Gran Dolina site

Skull 5, Sima de los Huesos. In 1992, the team working with Professor Juan Luis Arsuaga found skull 5 (Miguelon) at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones), the best preserved skull known world-wide

Fossilised remains, Sima de los Huesos. Reconstructed Homo hiedelbergensis skeleton. This skeleton has been made up from human fossils found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Fossilised skulls, Sima de los Huesos. These human skulls are amongst many hundreds of pieces of human fossils found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Fossilised teeth, Sima de los Huesos. These teeth were found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones) and are the most found for any human species, world-wide

Excavation at Galeria
MODEL RELEASED. Excavation at Galeria. Excavations at this site started in 1982. Occupation floors, or layers of earth that at one time made up the cave floor, were discovered

Human fossils, Sima de los Huesos. These human fossils are a selection of the hundreds of pieces found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Skull 4, Sima de los Huesos. In 1992, the team working with Professor Juan Luis Arsuaga found skull 4 (Agamenon) at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones), the first intact skull found at the site

Elephants tooth, Gran Dolina
Elephants tooth, Sima del Elefante. This elephants milk tooth was found at Sima del Elefante (Elephant Pit). As well as a rich collection of mammal fossils dating back to between 1.25

Fossilised remains, Gran Dolina. These human fossils, dating back approximately 800, 000 years, are a selection found in level TD6 at the Gran Dolina site betwen 1994 and 1995

Stone tools, Gran Dolina. Examples of stone tools found next to human fossils in level TD6 of the Gran Dolina site. The technique used for the manufacturing of these stone tools was to hit a piece of

Fossilised skull, Gran Dolina. Pieces of childs skull and upper jaw (maxillar). It is thought the child died aged between 10-12 years and has been nicknamed El Nino de la Gran Dolina

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"Unveiling the Tapestry of Human Evolution: A Journey through Time" Embarking on a captivating journey, we delve into the intricate stages of human evolution. From the dawn of time to our modern existence, this remarkable transformation has shaped who we are today. We begin with prehistoric discoveries that shed light on our ancestors' ingenuity and adaptability. The invention of the spear-thrower marked a significant milestone in early human development, showcasing their resourcefulness and hunting prowess. Tracing back millions of years, we encounter the astonishing Laetoli fossil footprints imprinted by Australopithecus afarensis. These ancient tracks offer us a glimpse into their bipedal locomotion, revealing how they walked upon Earth's surface long before us. Through mesmerizing artwork depicting Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus females, we witness their physical features and speculate about their social dynamics within primitive communities. The struggle for survival becomes vivid as we observe an intense scene—an awe-inspiring scimitar cat attacking a hominid. This depiction reminds us of the challenges faced by our ancestors during their evolutionary journey. Artwork further guides us along this transformative path, illustrating various stages in human evolution. Each stage represents pivotal moments where anatomical changes occurred over millennia—shaping Homo sapiens as we know them today. In 1881 Charles Darwin's portrait after Collier serves as a reminder of his groundbreaking theory on natural selection—a cornerstone in understanding our place within this grand narrative. Our exploration takes an intriguing turn with Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull—the earliest known representative from the hominin lineage—providing crucial insights into our common ancestry with chimpanzees and bonobos. Homo heidelbergensis emerges next—a species bridging gaps between earlier hominins and modern humans—showcasing advancements in tool-making abilities while adapting to diverse environments.