Hominoidea Collection (page 5)

Mountain Gorilla -Gorilla beringei beringei- of the Hirwa group at the foot of the Gahinga volcano, Volcanoes National Park, Parc National des Volcans, Rwanda, Africa

Baby Mountain Gorilla -Gorilla beringei beringei- from the Hirwa group at the foot of the Gahinga Volcano, Parc National des Volcans, Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, Africa

Orangutan -Pongo pygmaeus-, adult female holding an infant, captive, Germany

Bornean Orangutan -Pongo pygmaeus-, male, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia

Bornean Orangutan -Pongo pygmaeus-, young, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia

Bornean Orangutan -Pongo pygmaeus-, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia

Bornean Orangutans -Pongo pygmaeus-, adult female with young, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia

Bornean orangutan C016 / 6223
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). This specimen was collected by Alfred Russell Wallace and is held at the Natural History Museum, London, UK

Bornean orangutan C016 / 6155
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). This specimen was collected by Alfred Russell Wallace and is held at the Natural History Museum, London, UK

Bornean orangutan C016 / 6111
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London, UK

Bornean orangutan C016 / 6110
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). This specimen was collected by Alfred Russell Wallace and is held at the Natural History Museum, London, UK

Homo sp. pelvis comparison C016 / 5935
Homo sp. pelvis comparison. Side view comparison of pelvis (ischium) of a male Homo heidelbergensis, (Broken Hill E719) and a cast of Homo erectus Pelvis (OH28) discovered at Olduvai Gorge

Neanderthal skeleton C016 / 5666
Neandertal skeleton. Life size model of a male Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neanderthal fossil bones

Hominoid and human mandible C016 / 5609
Hominoid and human mandible (lower jaw). Human mandible (left) compared with a Sivapithecus hominoid mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, lived 9 million years ago

Hominoid cranial fragment C016 / 5608
Hominoid (Sivapithecus meteai) cranial fragment. A lower fragment of the cranium showing the maxilla (upper jaw), incisors, canine, premolars and molars

Solo man (Homo erectus) cranium C016 / 5605
Cast of the Solo Man (Homo erectus) cranium (Ngandong 1). The Solo Man cranium was discovered at Ngandong, close to the Solo River on the island of Java, Indonesia

Homo erectus cranium OH 9 C016 / 5604
Homo erectus cranium (OH 9). The skull of Homo erectus known as OH 9, found at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is 1.2 million years old

Orangutan skull, artwork C016 / 5549
Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) skull. Pencil and ink drawing by Henrik Gronvold (1858-1940) from Notes on Anthropoid Apes (1904) by Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild

Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1) C016 / 5208
Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1). Cast of the fossil mandible from the Homo heidelbergensis specimen discovered by workmen in 1907 at Mauer, Germany

Pongo pygmaeus, Orang utan
This glorious orang utan was shot by naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-1800s

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK 48)
A cast of the cranium belonging to an adult female Paranthropus robustus discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Dr. Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson. P. robustus lived around 1.5 million years ago

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Australopithecus sp. hip bone
The hip bone (Os coxae) of Australopithecus from Sterkfontein, South Africa

Homo habilis cranium & mandible fragment casts
Casts of fragments mandible and cranium fragments of a Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania dating back to between 1.85 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago

Boxgrove excavation site
A view of the archaeological excavation site at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK. The site yielded a very significant fossil find, a tibia and incisors believe to have belonged to a 500

Australopithecus sp. thigh & hip bone

99% Ape cover illustration

Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe
Part of a deer antler, fragment of elephant bone and flint hand axe all discovered at Swanscombe, Kent, south of the River Thames

Affenbande am Flusse
A troup of monkeys on the riverside, page 199 from Loango Expedition 1873-1876 published in 1879, by P Gussfeldt et al

Homo heidelbergensis cranium (Petralona 1)
An adult male cranium (cast) discovered at the foot of Katsika Hill, Petralona, south east of Thessaloniki, Greece. The specimen dates back 400, 000 years. It was discovered by J

Homo erectus cranium (OH9)
The cranium (cast) of Homo erectus discovered at Bed II, site LLK at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is the Holotype of Homo leakeyi. This specimen dates back c

The Malay Archipelago
Title page of The Malay Archipelago, The Land of the Orang-Utan and the Bird of Paradise. A Narrative of travel with studies of Man and Nature. By Alfred Russel Wallace, 1874

Dragonflies and Fish
Dragonflies from Libellulinae Europaeae by Toussaint de Charpenter, 1840. Fish from Voyage de la Coquille, Zoology Atlas II by Duperrey

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 11)
Lateral view of a cast of the Qafzeh child (Early Modern Homo sapiens) discovered at Djebel kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969, dating back to around 100, 000 years

Homo ergaster cranium (KNM - ER 3733)
Homo ergaster cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 104, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 3733. side view. Scale in cms. This specimen discovered in 1975 by Bernard Ngeneo dates back to 1.6 million years ago

Paranthropus robustus cranium with perforations
Cast of cranial bones of Paranthropus robustus with two perforations probably made by a leopard. Original skull from Swartkrans, Transvaal, S. Africa

Homo rudolfensis cranium (KNM - ER 1470)
Homo habilis cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 131, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 1470 (1st reconstruction). Three-quarter view. Scale in cms

Homo sapiens cranium (UC 101)
Skull UC 101 discovered at the upper cave (Shandingdong), Zhoukoudian, China. This specimen belonging to Modern Homo sapiens dates back to 30, 000 years ago

Archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Laetoli 18)
A front view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 150, 000 years ago. This specimen known as Laetoli 18 was discovered within the Ngaloba bed at Laetoli in Tanazania

Casts of Australopithecus boisei jaw bones
Casts of Upper jaw (left) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from the Olduvai Gorge; lower jaw (right) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from Peninj

The Anthropomorpha of Linnaeus
An illustration by Bontius (1658) of early impressions of the Orangutan. The picture was published in Thomas Huxleys Evidence as to Mans Place in Nature (1883)

Homo sapiens, human and Gorilla gorilla, western gorilla
Drawing of a human skeleton and a gorilla skeleton. Published in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London Vol. 5, Part 1 by Richard Owen, 1866

Homo erectus cranium (Ngandong 12)
The cranium (cast) of a young adult male discovered at Ngandong on the Solo River terrace near Randublatung, Java. It was excavated by C. ter Haar and team in 1931-33. This specimen dates back c

Homo erectus, Java man
A model of Homo erectus, known as Java man, based on fossil evidence found in archaeological sites along the Solo River, Indonesia. The fossils date back to around 500, 000 to 800, 000 years ago

Homo erectus, Peking man
A model head of Homo erectus known as Peking man, based upon evidence discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years. This model was created by Maurice Wilson

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Hominoidea, also known as the superfamily of apes, encompasses a diverse range of species that have played a crucial role in our understanding of human evolution. From the famous Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1), affectionately nicknamed Lucy, to the powerful Homo neanderthalensis and the majestic Bornean Orangutan, each member of this group has left an indelible mark on scientific research. One fascinating aspect explored through hominoid studies is the concept of sensory and motor homunculus. These visual representations depict how different areas of our brain are responsible for processing sensory information from specific body parts and controlling their movements. By studying these maps, scientists gain insights into our ancestors' cognitive abilities and physical adaptations. Hominid crania provide valuable clues about ancient hominoids' skull structures and cranial capacities. The discovery of Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) or Lucy's partial skeleton revolutionized paleoanthropology by revealing important details about bipedalism and early human locomotion. The Homo neanderthalensis at Swanscombe in the UK showcases these ancient humans in action. Their existence alongside modern humans challenges conventional notions about our evolutionary lineage while highlighting their unique cultural practices. Bornean Orangutans captivate us with their enchanting faces captured in portraits taken within Tanjung Puting reserve. These critically endangered primates remind us not only of our shared ancestry but also emphasize the importance of conservation efforts to protect their dwindling populations. Proconsul africanus represents an extinct genus that lived during the Miocene epoch, providing critical insights into primate evolution before apes diverged from monkeys. Studying its anatomy helps researchers understand how ancestral forms gradually evolved into today's great apes.