Endurance Gallery

Antarctic exploration, route maps

Antarctic exploration. Map of Antarctica showing the routes taken by Ernest Shackleton (1914 to 1916, red), Roald Amundsen (1911 to 1912, brown), Robert Scott (1911 to 1912, blue) and Richard Byrd (1929, green). Shackleton's route, on the ship Endurance, was part of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The ship was trapped in pack ice and sank. The dotted line shows the return journey. Amundsen and Scott both attempted to reach the South Pole, Amundsen succeeding, the first to do so. Scott also reached the Pole, but perished on the return journey. Byrd's journey was by aircraft, the first flight over the South Pole

© MIKKEL JUUL JENSEN / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Czech Republic - 10th All Sokol Rally in Prague 1938

A rally to promoting public exercise as a way to stimulate national self importance (through organised gymnastic and athletic demonstrations - usually mass-participation). The Sokol (which translates as Falcon') arose as the first Czech Gymnastic organisation in the 1860s. Between the First and Second World Wars the organisation grew to have a million members. The Sokol programmes were organised to have mass appeal across all strata of Czech society and across all age groups. Miroslav Tyrs (1832 -1884) (pictured top right) was a key exponent of this approach and is duly being honoured by the ranks of passing Sokol participants. Tyrs believed that a nation must be physically fit, morally on a high plane and intelligent in order to secure independence and retain it. Elevated to Doctor of Philosophy at Charles University and a member of the Education Staff of Riegers Encyclopedia, Tyrs formulated his Sokol plan, creating an entirely new gymnastic terminology. The next twenty years of his life were devoted to Sokol. He was the first Physical Director, editor of the Sokol paper and creator of calisthenics and exercises, placing the whole system on a firm scientific basis. This card commemorates 20 years of the event. Date: 1938

Czech Republic - Sokol Rally in Prague 1920s

A rally to promoting public exercise as a way to stimulate national self importance (through organised gymnastic and athletic demonstrations - usually mass-participation). Sokol was founded on the philosophy that a physically fit, mentally alert and culturally developed people can make a nation strong. The word "sokol" translates to falcon and is symbolic of the Sokol ideals: Courage, Strength, Endurance, Fraternalism, Love of democratic principles, and Pride in country. Miroslav Tyrs (1832 -1884) (depicted in the centre) was a key exponent of this approach and is duly being honoured by the ranks of passing Sokol participants. Tyrs believed that a nation must be physically fit, morally on a high plane and intelligent in order to secure independence and retain it. Elevated to Doctor of Philosophy at Charles University and a member of the Education Staff of Rieger's Encyclopedia, Tyrs formulated his Sokol plan, creating an entirely new gymnastic terminology. The next twenty years of his life were devoted to Sokol. He was the first Physical Director, editor of the Sokol paper and creator of calisthenics and exercises, placing the whole system on a firm scientific basis. Between the First and Second World Wars the organisation grew to have a million members. The Sokol programmes were organised to have mass appeal across all strata of Czech society and across all age grous."

© Mary Evans Picture Library 2015 - https://copyrighthub.org/s0/hub1/creation/maryevans/MaryEvansPictureID/10411691