Cosmology Gallery

Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe

Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2012. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) infrared image of distant galaxies in a region of the sky in the constellation of Fornax

The Plough asterism in Ursa Major
The Plough. This asterism (group of stars) is part of the much larger constellation Ursa Major, most of which is out of frame

1919 solar eclipse. Image 2 of 3. This set of images, taken by the British astronomer Arthur Eddington (1882-1944), confirmed Einsteins theory of general relativity

MAP microwave background
Cosmic microwave background. Whole sky image of the cosmic microwave background made by the MAP (Microwave Anisotropy Probe) spacecraft

Hubble Space Telescope view of nebula NGC 604
Nebula in galaxy M33. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image showing clouds of gas in the nebula NGC 604. This nebula is a region of intensive star formation

Hubble Ultra Deep Field galaxies
Ultra Deep Field galaxies. Hubble Space Telescope Ultra Deep Field, the deepest view ever taken of the universe in 2004. Each dot of light is a separate galaxy

Orions belt. Optical image of the line of three bright stars making up the belt in the constellation of Orion. The stars are, from lower left to upper right: Alnitak (Zeta Orionis)

1919 solar eclipse
^B1919 solar eclipse. Image 1 of 3.^b This set of images, taken by the British astronomer Arthur Eddington (1882-1944), confirmed Einsteins theory of general relativity

Pillars of Creation, combined Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope image. These towering columns are formed of interstellar hydrogen gas and dust

The edge of the firmament (Flammarion engraving) From L atmosphere. Meteorologie populaire by Camill Artist: Anonymous
The edge of the firmament (Flammarion engraving) From L atmosphere. Meteorologie populaire by Camille Flammarion, 16th-17th centuries. Found in the collection of Zentralbibliothek Zurich

Gas pillars in the Eagle Nebula. Hubble Space Telescope image showing dark pillars of dense molecular hydrogen and dust in the Eagle Nebula (M16)

Proton collision C014 / 1797
Particle tracks from a proton-proton collision seen by the CMS (compact muon solenoid) detector at CERN (the European particle physics laboratory) near Geneva, Switzerland

Celestial mechanics, medieval artwork
Celestial mechanics. Coloured historical artwork depicting a medieval pilgrim looking out from the sky (blue) to see the mechanics of the heavens (upper left)

Voyager I composite of Saturn & six of its moons
Voyager 1 composite image of Saturn & six of its moons superimposed on a painted starry sky background. The moon seen large at bottom left is Dione, followed clockwise by Enceladus, Rhea

Cosmic microwave background. Spherical projection of the cosmic microwave background, using all-sky data from the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe)

M51 whirlpool galaxy

Catalan Atlas, 14th century. The 6-page Catalan Atlas (1375) was produced on vellum by the Jewish cartographer Abraham Cresques

ATLAS detector, CERN
ATLAS detector. Composite image of the ATLAS (a torodial LHC apparatus) detector (circular) at CERN (the European particle physics laboratory) near Geneva, Switzerland

Johannes Keplers model of the universe. Line engraving from his Mysterium Cosmographicum, 1596
KEPLERs UNIVERSE, 1596. Johannes Keplers model of the universe. Line engraving from his Mysterium Cosmographicum, 1596

Jupiter from Europa, artwork
Jupiter from Europa. Computer artwork of a view towards Jupiter and its moons, across the surface of Europa as it might have looked four billion years ago

Higgs boson, conceptual artwork
Higgs boson, conceptual computer artwork. The Higgs boson is a proposed fundamental particle that is thought to give other particles mass

CMS detector, CERN
CMS detector. Part of the CMS (compact muon solenoid) detector at CERN (the European particle physics laboratory) near Geneva, Switzerland

Optical photo of the star Sirius using star filter
The two bright stars just below centre are Alpha Centauri (left) & Beta Centauri. To their right are the four stars forming the constellation of the Southern Cross, or Crux Australis

Solar prominence. Ultraviolet SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) satellite image of a solar prominence (bottom left)

Galaxy distribution, computer artwork
Galaxy distribution. Computer artwork of the distribution of galaxies in the Universe, appearing like foam on ocean waves

Phases of the Moon. Composite image showing the Moon at each stage of its 28 day cycle (a lunar month). Along the top row, the Moon is a waxing (growing in apparent size) crescent

Eagle Nebula. Optical image of the Eagle Nebula (M16, NGC 6611). This is an emission nebula, a cloud of gas that glows as the hydrogen gas it contains is ionised by radiation from the hot young stars within it. The stars in the cluster are about 5

Diamond ring effect seen during the total solar eclipse of 11th August 1999. This effect may be seen just before or after totality

Hale-Bopp comet
Hale-Bopp. Artwork of the comet Hale-Bopp above an ocean shore. Hale-Bopp was one of the brightest comets of the 20th century, and was seen for much of early 1997. A comet is a lump of ice and rock

Venera 13 photos of surface of Venus

MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION. God as the great Architect of the Universe. Illumination from the 13th century French Bible

Image of Jupiter taken with the Hubble Telescope
Jupiter as seen from the Hubble Space Telescopes planetary camera on May 28th 1991. This image is a composite of three exposures taken with different filters aimed at studying the dynamics of Jupiters atmosphere

Horsehead Nebula. Optical image of Barnard 33 (the Horsehead Nebula), 1600 light years away in the constellation of Orion. North is at left

Optical image of the star Sirius
Sirius. Optical image of the star Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, with the exception of the Sun. North is at top. Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris), also known as the Dog Star

Jupiter. True colour optical image of Jupiter, taken from a mosaic of shots by the Cassini spacecraft on 29 December 2000

Lead ion collisions. Particle tracks from the first stable run lead ion collisions seen by the ALICE (a large ion collider experiment) detector at CERN (the European particle physics laboratory)

Optical image of a waxing gibbous moon
Waxing gibbous Moon. Optical image of a waxing gibbous Moon. A gibbous Moon is one showing over half the surface. The Moon is said to wax when it is increasing in apparent size

Andromeda galaxy. Optical image of the Andromeda spiral galaxy (M31). North is at top. This is the nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way

Waning crescent Moon. Image 27 of 27. Optical image of a waning (decreasing in apparent size) crescent Moon 27 days into its 28-day cycle

Earth view of the planet Venus with the Moon
Venus. Venus (at upper right) with the Moon (at lower right) as seen from Earth. The constellation of the Pleiades or Seven Sisters is at top centre

M16, The Eagle Nebula in Serpens

The majestic Sombrero Galaxy (Messier 104)

Observing the Universe, conceptual image
Observing the Universe, conceptual computer illustration

Composite image of the phases of the Moon
Moon phases. Time-lapse image of the phases of the Moon, as seen from Earth during a lunar (synodic) month. A full Moon is at centre, with pairs of (from inner to outer) gibbous Moons

Supernova in galaxy
Supernova SN1994D. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of supernova SN1994D (lower left) in the galaxy NGC 4526. A supernova is the explosive death of a star

HST deep-view of several very distant galaxies
Distant galaxies. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) deep-view image of several thousand never-before seen extremely distant galaxies. This is the deepest view yet into the universe

Multiple universes. Conceptual computer artwork of many Earths, representing the many worlds quantum theory. This theory is an attempt to explain the fundamental uncertainty of quantum theory

Torus universe, artwork
Torus universe. Computer artwork of a universe shaped like a torus (doughnut-shaped). Some cosmologists believe that the universe could be this shape due to gravity warping spacetime

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Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe. It seeks to answer questions such as: How did the universe begin? What is its shape? How will it end? Cosmologists use a variety of tools to explore these questions, including observations from telescopes and satellites, mathematical models, and computer simulations. They have developed theories such as Big Bang cosmology which suggests that our universe began with an extremely hot and dense state about 13.8 billion years ago. This theory also suggests that matter in the universe is distributed in a web-like structure known as dark matter filaments. Cosmologists continue to investigate these mysteries by studying galaxies, stars, black holes, dark energy and other phenomena that make up our universe.