Biodiversity Hotspot Gallery

A biodiversity hotspot is an area with a high concentration of species that are endemic to the region, meaning they are not found anywhere else in the world

Sinbad the male Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) curiously peering from the bushes during the day. Codfish Island, Stewart Island, New Zealand, January. Critically endangered

Leaf cutter ants (Atta sp) carrying plant matter, Costa Rica

Male Leach's sea star (Leiaster leachi) broadcast spawning, releasing streams of sperm from its arms. Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan

Blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) courting pair, South coast, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

Ariel toucan (Ramphastos ariel) perched on branch, Atlantic Rainforest, Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Great frigatebird (Fregata minor) in tree with pair of Nazca boobies (Sula granti) showing mating behaviour, Genovesa Island, Galapagos

Whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) three coming into land, Hokkaido, Japan, February

Orcas / killer whales (Orcinus orca) swimming in open water, Three Kings Islands, New Zealand. Pacific Ocean

Tropical shield mantis (Choeradodis sp.) (Possibly C. rhombicollis) Canande, Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Japanese crane (Grus japonensis) displaying, wings in heart shape, Hokkiado, Japan, February

Blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) landing, South coast, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

Red-billed tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus) in flight, Plazas Island, Galapagos

Brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) close up whilst resting, Punta Suarez, Espanola Island, Galapagos

Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) close up showing sensory facial feathers, Codfish Island / Whenua Hou, Southland, New Zealand, February. Critically endangered

Leaf cutter ants (Atta sp) carrying colourful plant matter, reflected in water, Laguna del Lagarto, Santa Rita, Costa Rica

Australasian crested grebe pair (Podiceps cristatus australis) in courtship display. Ashburton Lakes, Canterbury, New Zealand. August

Veined octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus) resting on top of the two halves of an old clam shell on the sandy seabed. These octopus regularly carry pieces of shell so they can use them as protective armour if required. Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Orcas / killer whales (Orcinus orca) swimming in open water, Three Kings Islands, New Zealand. Pacific Ocean

Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) silhouettes at sunset, Punta Vicente Roca, Isabela Island, Galapagos

Nudibranch (Phyllidia marindica), Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. December

Swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus) Plazas Island, Galapagos

Scarlet macaws (Ara macao) La Selva, Costa Rica

Nicaraguan giant glass frog (Espadarana prosoblepon) La Selva Field Station, Costa Rica

Whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) two in flight, during snowfall, Lake Kussharo, Japan, February

Japanese cranes (Grus japonensis) displaying in snow, Hokkiado, Japan, February

Stellers sea-eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) landing on pack ice, Hokkaido, Japan, February

Nudibranchs (Doto greenamyeri) newly described species on feather hydroids. Seraya Bay, north coast of Bali, Indonesia. Java Sea

Portrait of Bigfin squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) hovering in open water above a coral reef at night. Dampier Strait, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Tropical West Pacific Ocean

The forests of the Modi Khola river valley shrouded in fog. Annapurna Sanctuary, central Nepal, November 2011

Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in hot springs, Jigokudani, Nagano Prefecture, Honshu, Japan

Darwins Orchid (Angraecum sesquipedale) species which is pollinated by a long-tongued moth, from Ambila, Madagascar. Photograph taken on location for BBC Wild Madagascar Series, August 2009

Black-crowned Central American squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) pair playing with each other, one with hand over eyes of other, Manuel Antonio National Park, Quepos, Costa Rica

Bamboo lemur (Hapalmur griseus) in tree. Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, Madagascar

Kaleidoscopic image of Clarks anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii), Ambon, Indonesia

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) swimming with angelfish, Punta Vicente Roca, Isabela Island, Galapagos

White-vented storm petrel (Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis) running across water, offshore Cape Berkeley, Isabela island, Galapagos

Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) swimming near mangroves, Elizabeth Bay, Isabela Island, Galapagos

Starr Puffer (Arothron stellatus), juvenile swimming. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Lammergeier / Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) in flight with the out-of-focus moon behind. Ladakh, Himalayas, northern India

Rice (Oryza sativa) terraces. Jatiluwih Green Land, Bali, Indonesia. 2015

Palms growing in front of Rice (Oryza sativa) terrace. Jatiluwih Green Land, Bali, Indonesia. 2015

Grayling (Thymallus) migrating to spawning in the Temnik River, Lake Baikal, Baikalsky Reserve, Siberia, Russia. May

Coconut / Veined octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus) hunts in the sand at night, while illuminated by a divers torch beam, Anilao, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines. Verde Island Passages, Pacific Ocean

Marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on shore, Punta Moreno, Isabela Island, Galapagos

Violet sabrewing hummingbird (Campylopterus hemileucurus) male hummingbirds territorial fight at dawn, Turrialba, Costa Rica

Backlit photo of a Robust ghost pipefish (Solenostomus cyanopterus) reveals a small fish that it has just eaten in its stomach. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Molluca Sea

Imbabura tree frog (Hypsiboas picturatus) portrait, Canande, Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Great blue heron (Ardea herodias) taking off, with coastal landscape, Las Bachas, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

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A biodiversity hotspot is an area with a high concentration of species that are endemic to the region, meaning they are not found anywhere else in the world. These areas are typically characterized by a high level of species diversity and endemism, as well as significant levels of threat from human activities. Hotspots often contain rare or endangered species, and their destruction can lead to the loss of entire ecosystems. Conservation efforts focus on preserving these areas in order to protect their unique biodiversity and ensure that future generations can benefit from them. Hotspots also provide important resources for local communities, such as food, medicine, fuelwood and other products. Protecting hotspots is essential for maintaining global biodiversity and ensuring sustainable development around the world.