Annual Volume Collection

Muscles used in cycling, 19th century
Muscles used in cycling. Artwork from the tenth volume (second period of 1892) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Bonsai dwarf pine, 1889 C013 / 8769
Bonsai dwarf pine, 19th-century artwork. This specimen is from Japan, and is 150 years old. Bonsai is the art of cultivating ornamental artificially-dwarfed varieties of trees

Cornish tin mines, 19th century
Cornish tin mines, 19th-century artwork. These mines are in the parish of St Just in Penwith, Cornwall, UK. 19th-century tin mines in this area date back to 1721

Calots spinal surgery, 19th century
Calots spinal surgery, 19th-century artwork. This operation is being carried out by the French surgeon Jean-Francois Calot (1861-1944) on a condition known as Potts disease

Oil well, 19th century
Oil well. Crude oil erupting from a wellhead in a 19th-century oil field. The wellhead is the structure used to contain and pump oil as it reaches the surface from deep underground, often, as here

Marconi with his radio, 19th century
Marconi with his radio, 19th-century artwork. The apparatus consists of a receiver and a transmitter. Italian physicist Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)

Manchester Ship Canal, 19th century
Manchester Ship Canal, 19th-century artwork. This canal, constructed between 1887 and 1893, opened on 1 January 1894. It provided a route for shipping from the Mersey Estuary to Manchester, UK

Galileos Jovian moon observations, 1610
Galileos Jovian moon observations. These first six observations of the four largest moons of Jupiter are from the work Sidereus Nuncius (1610) by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Beekeeping, 19th century
Beekeeping, 19th-century artwork. Beekeeper extracting honey from honeycombs obtained from a beehive. Bees collect nectar from a wide range of flowering plants

Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer
Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930), Norwegian explorer, biologist and humanitarian. In 1888 he was the first to cross the Greenland ice sheet and showed that it covered the entire island

Fire sprinklers, 19th century
Fire sprinklers. This system of sprinklers was designed to extinguish fires, and here has been installed in a theatre in 19th-century France

Cornish tin mining, 19th century
Cornish tin mining, 19th-century artwork. Miners working in a shaft in a tin mine in Cornwall, UK. Many such excavations were near the coast and extended out under the sea for nearly a kilometre

Performing bears, 1893 C013 / 9111
Performing bears, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Telegraph printer, 1889 C013 / 8777
Telegraph printer. 19th-century artwork of a telegraph printer developed by Moore and Wright in the 1880s. The electric telegraph had been developed in the 1830s and 1840s

Microbiology caricature, 19th century
Microbiology caricature. The researcher is handling jars labelled as bacterial cultures, while the magnified view at left shows a caricatured appearance of microbes as seen under a microscope

Telephone bureau exchange, 1889
Telephone bureau exchange. 19th-century artwork of woman operating the exchange at a telephone bureau. They are using receivers to listen to incoming calls and using the wires

Thumbprint forensics, 19th century
Thumbprint forensics. Artwork from the tenth volume (second period of 1892) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Earth-Venus conjunction, 19th century
Earth-Venus conjunction, 19th-century artwork. Venus (centre) is the second planet from the Sun (right). This is an inferior conjunction

Chappe and the Transit of Venus, 1761. Historical artwork of the French astronomer Jean-Baptiste Chappe d Auteroche (left, 1722-1769) in Tobolsk, Siberia, Russia

Electric fire-fighting vehicle, 1893 C013 / 9129
Electric fire-fighting vehicle, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Photographic colouring technique, 1893
Photographic colouring technique. 19th-century artwork of a photographic positive being coloured in by hand. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893)

Chicago World Fair searchlight, 1893
Chicago World Fair searchlight, 19th-century artwork. The World Fair of 1893 in Chicago, also known as the Worlds Columbian Exposition, took place from May to October of that year

Glass-making factory, 1893
Glass-making factory, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Humphery gas lamp, 1893 C013 / 9120
Humphery gas lamp, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Prehistoric stone circle, 1893
Prehistoric stone circle. 19th-century artwork of visitors at a prehistoric Celtic site of menhirs and dolmens. The accompanying caption states they are Cornish

Water filtration industry, 1893
Water filtration industry. 19th-century artwork of the water filtration works at Hamburg, Germany. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893)

Tanning industry, 1893
Tanning industry. 19th-century artwork of workers at a tanning factory in Saint-Marcel, France. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893)

Egg-balancing toy design, 1893 C013 / 9112
Egg-balancing toy design. 19th-century artwork showing the internal design of an egg-shaped toy that can be balanced on its pointed end

Spitalfields silk industry, 1893
Spitalfields silk industry. 19th-century artwork of workers weaving silk at the Warner factory in Spitalfields, London, UK

Louis Favre, Swiss engineer
Louis Favre (1826-1879), Swiss engineer. Favre designed and supervised the building of the Gotthard Rail Tunnel in Switzerland

Refraction demonstration, 1893
Refraction demonstration. 19th-century artwork of a demonstration of the principles of radiation and refraction. A beam of sunlight is passing through two holes in a sheet of card

Chicago World Fair ferris wheel, 1893
Chicago World Fair ferris wheel, 19th-century artwork. The World Fair of 1893 in Chicago, also known as the Worlds Columbian Exposition, took place from May to October of that year

Scotland-Ireland telegraph cable, 1893
Scotland-Ireland telegraph cable. 19th-century artwork of the underwater telegraph and telephone cable between Scotland and Ireland being landed on the coast

Janssen at Meudon Observatory, 1893
Janssen at Meudon Observatory. 19th-century artwork of the French astronomer (Pierre) Jules Janssen (1824-1907) seated at the telescope at the Meudon Observatory

Hygroscope design, 1893 C013 / 9103
Hygroscope design. 19th-century artwork of a simple home-made hygroscope design using a twisted helix of paper connected to a pointer on a sheet of card

Pareiasaurus reptile fossil, 1893 C013 / 9101
Pareiasaurus reptile fossil. 19th-century artwork of a fossil reptile skeleton named Pareiosaurus baini. Pareiosaurus is an alternative spelling of Pareiasaurus

Chappe and optical telegraphy, 1890s
Chappe and optical telegraphy. 19th-century artwork of a statue of the French engineer Claude Chappe (1763-1805), inventor of mechanical-optical telegraphy. His invention is seen behind him

Hydrogen production, 1893
Hydrogen production, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 11th volume (first period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Photographic distortion technique, 1893
Photographic distortion technique. 19th-century photographs showing a mans head distorted using the photographic techniques of Louis Ducos du Hauron

Panama Canal construction, 1893 C013 / 9095
Panama Canal construction, 19th-century artwork. The first attempt to build a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans was made by the French at sea level from 1881 to 1889

Vaccine research, 1893
Vaccine research, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 11th volume (first period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Vaccine research, 1890
Vaccine research, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 11th volume (first period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Distance-measuring devices, 1893 C013 / 9094
Distance-measuring devices, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 11th volume (first period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

F. van Rysselberghe, Belgian engineer
Francois van Rysselberghe (1846-1893), Belgian engineer and meteorologist. Van Rysselberghe proposed the principle of transmitting telephone and telegraph signals along the same wires

Telephone switchboard exchange, 1893
Telephone switchboard exchange. 19th-century artwork of woman operating the exchange at a telephone bureau. They are using receivers to listen to incoming calls and using the wires

Telephone switchboard, 1893
Telephone switchboard, 19th-century artwork. The woman is using headphone receivers and a speaker to listen to and reply to incoming calls

Gravity demonstrations, 1893
Gravity demonstrations, 19th-century artwork. These diagrams demonstrate how a ring descending a piece of string behaves differently depending on how the string is handled

Railway bridge over the Tanaro, 1893
Railway bridge over the Tanaro, 19th-century artwork. This steel bridge was built in the 1890s over the River Tanaro, near Asti in north-western Italy

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"Exploring the Annual Volume: From Muscles Used in Cycling to Performing Bears" In the 19th century, various aspects of human endeavor and scientific advancements shaped the annual volume. The muscles used in cycling gained prominence as people embraced this efficient mode of transportation. Meanwhile, a unique art form emerged with the cultivation of Bonsai dwarf pine trees in 1889, showcasing nature's beauty on a miniature scale. The industrial revolution brought about significant changes, including Cornish tin mines that fueled economic growth and provided employment opportunities. In the medical field, Calots spinal surgery marked a breakthrough in surgical techniques during this era. Advancements were not limited to land; oil wells became vital sources of energy production while Marconi revolutionized communication with his radio invention. Beekeeping thrived as an important agricultural practice supporting pollination and honey production. Infrastructure development also played a crucial role in shaping society. The construction of Manchester Ship Canal facilitated trade and transformed Manchester into an international port city. Looking further back in history, Galileo's observations of Jovian moons in 1610 expanded our understanding of celestial bodies beyond Earth. Fire sprinklers introduced during the 19th century enhanced fire safety measures for buildings worldwide. Amidst these remarkable achievements, Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen embarked on daring expeditions that pushed boundaries and expanded our knowledge of uncharted territories. Lastly, performing bears captivated audiences with their trained skills and showcased humanity's fascination with animal entertainment during this period. As we delve into the annual volume throughout history, it becomes evident how diverse fields have contributed to shaping our world today – from science and technology to arts and exploration – all leaving their mark on humanity's collective journey towards progress.