4th Century Collection

The Devil Presenting St Augustin with the Book of Vices, c1455-1498. Artist: Michael Pacher
The Devil Presenting St Augustin with the Book of Vices, c1455-1498. One of the four great doctors of the early Christian Church

Ethiopian Monastery and Church of The Holy Sepulchre, Old City, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Jerusalem, Israel, Middle East

Battle of Arbela between Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia (356-323 B.C. and Darius king of Persia

Mosaic, Villa Romana Del Casale, Piazza Armerina, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sicily, Italy, Europe

Limestone head from Gandhara (northwest Pakistan), 4th -5th century A. D
PAKISTAN: BUDDHA. Limestone head from Gandhara (northwest Pakistan), 4th -5th century A.D

Zhuang Zhou, aka Zhuangzi or Chuang Tzu, c. 369 - c. 286 BC. Chinese philosopher

Etruscan civilization, Amazon Sarcophagus - detail of painted decoration. From Tarquinia
Etruscan civilization, 4th century b.C. Amazon Sarcophagus. From Tarquinia. Detail of the painted decoration

CONSTANTINE I (d. 337). Constantine the Great. Roman emperor, 306-337. Line engraving, French, 17th century

St Anthony the Great, patron saint of basket makers (chromolitho)
1094000 St Anthony the Great, patron saint of basket makers (chromolitho) by French School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: St Anthony the Great, patron saint of basket makers)

St Augustine with his mother St Monica, 1855 (1926). Artist: Ary Scheffer
St Augustine with his mother St Monica, 1855 (1926). From An Outline of Christianity, The Story of Our Civilisation, volume 2: Builders of the Church, edited by RG Parsons and AS Peake

Saint Jerome reading in a Landscape, c1480-1485. Artist: Giovanni Bellini
Saint Jerome reading in a Landscape, c1480-1485. From the collection of the National Gallery, London

Tunisia, Tabarka, Trilobate floor mosaic, depicting life in a farm
Roman civilization, 4th century A.D. Trilobate floor mosaic, detail. Life in a farm: the farm, the barns and the houses. From Tabarka, Tunisia

The foundation of Constantinople by Emperor Constantinople the great who transferred the imperiale capital to
ELD4886070 The foundation of Constantinople by Emperor Constantinople the great who transferred the imperiale capital to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople

View of the Facade of the Basilica of S. Croce in Gerusalemme [the Holy Cross in Jerusalem], from Vedute di Roma (Roman Views), ca. 1750

St. Alexis, 1649. Creator: Claude Mellan
St. Alexis, 1649

Saints Paraskeve, Gregory the Theologian, John Chrysostom and Basil the Great, early 15th century. From the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia

Roman silver platter with Bacchanalian figures from the Mildenhall treasure, 4th century
Silver platter with Bacchanalian figures from the Mildenhall Treasure, which was probably buried for safekeeping. It was ploughed up by chance in the 1940s at Mildenhall, Suffolk, 4th century

SAINT ANTHONY (c250-350). First Christian monk. Saint Anthony in the desert. Line engraving, American, 1832

St Helena, 4th century, Festival 18 August (colour litho)
8658598 St Helena, 4th century, Festival 18 August (colour litho) by Robinson, Frederick Cayley (1862-1927); Private Collection; (add.info.: St Helena, 4th century, Festival 18 August)

The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus
7287243 The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus; Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City; (add.info.: The sarcophagus of Agapeand Crescentianus)

The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus
7287241 The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus; Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City; (add.info.: The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus)

Sarcophagus with "traditio legis"
7287240 Sarcophagus with "traditio legis"; Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City; (add.info.: Cast of a sarcophagus with "traditio legis" in the vatican Grottoes)

Reliquary of St. Cyr (Quirico), Martyr of the 4th century and St. Giulitta, his mother, Christians
BAT5469488 Reliquary of St. Cyr (Quirico), Martyr of the 4th century and St. Giulitta, his mother, Christians.; Cappelle Medicee, San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy; Photo © Nicolo Orsi Battaglini.

Art romain : scene de cirque avec course de quadrige. Detail d'une mosaique. 3eme-4eme siecle Barcelone
AIS5342671 Art romain : scene de cirque avec course de quadrige. Detail d'une mosaique. 3eme-4eme siecle Barcelone. Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya Espagne; Museu d'Arqueologia de

The Council of Nicea in 325, from the Codex Albeldense, 976 (illuminated miniature)
AIS5336703 The Council of Nicea in 325, from the Codex Albeldense, 976 (illuminated miniature); Biblioteca Monasterio del Escorial, Madrid, Spain; (add.info.: The Council of Nicea in 325)

gupta dynasty coins chandra king and queen India
8725444 gupta dynasty coins chandra king and queen India; Private Collection; (add.info.: gupta dynasty coins chandra king and queen India); © Dinodia Photo.

dynasty of gupta samudra kacha coins India
8725447 dynasty of gupta samudra kacha coins India; Private Collection; (add.info.: dynasty of gupta samudra kacha coins India); © Dinodia Photo.

Faience amulet
5304681 Faience amulet.; (add.info.: Roman-Egyptian, Faience amulet depicting the Lion Headed Hercules. 100-300 AD.); Universal History Archive/UIG.

The conversion of Constantine the Great before the Battle of Milvian Bridge, 1830 (engraving)
5309220 The conversion of Constantine the Great before the Battle of Milvian Bridge, 1830 (engraving); (add.info.: Constantine the Great (272 AD-337 AD) a Roman Emperor of Illyrian origin

Bethlehem, 4th century mosaic at the Church of the Nativity
5309820 Bethlehem, 4th century mosaic at the Church of the Nativity; Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, Israel; Photo © Stefano Baldini.

French 19th century. illustration. showing Saint Catherine
5306356 French 19th century. illustration. showing Saint Catherine; Universal History Archive/UIG.

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620400 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail
6620392 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620383 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620378 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620377 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Sarcophagus representing drunken Dionysus held up by a satyr, 4th century AD, Luni marble
6384413 Sarcophagus representing drunken Dionysus held up by a satyr, 4th century AD, Luni marble, National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian, Rome, Italy; Museo Nazionale Romano

St Martin, 4th century, Festival 11 November (colour litho)
8658601 St Martin, 4th century, Festival 11 November (colour litho) by Robinson, Frederick Cayley (1862-1927); Private Collection; (add.info.: St Martin, 4th century, Festival 11 November)

Capture of Chnodomar, King of the Alemanni, at the Battle of Strasbourg, 357 (engraving)
8626232 Capture of Chnodomar, King of the Alemanni, at the Battle of Strasbourg, 357 (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Capture of Chnodomar)

8625848

Portrait of Saint Augustine (354-430), 7th century (fresco)
DEX5040800 Portrait of Saint Augustine (354-430), 7th century (fresco); (add.info.: Library of the Lateran Palace, Rome. Italy, 7th century)

Fire of the Nicomedia Palace under the regne of Constance II during the great earthquake of 258
ELD4963481 Fire of the Nicomedia Palace under the regne of Constance II during the great earthquake of 258 (Earthquake in Nicomedia in 358)

Lamp. Roman art. Bronze sculpture. SPAIN. CATALONIA. BARCELONA. Barcelona. Archaeology Museum of Catalonia
CUL4862547 Lamp. Roman art. Bronze sculpture. SPAIN. CATALONIA. BARCELONA. Barcelona. Archaeology Museum of Catalonia by Roman; Archaeological Museum of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; (add.info.: Lamp)

Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Vestibule of the Diocletian's Palace in Split, Croatia, Europe
IMB4842087 Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Vestibule of the Diocletian's Palace in Split, Croatia, Europe; (add.info.: Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Vestibule of the Diocletian's Palace in)

Historical map of Palestine under the rule of Constantine I the Great around 306 - 337 AD
ELD4921769 Historical map of Palestine under the rule of Constantine I the Great around 306 - 337 AD (Historical map of Palestine at the times of Constantine the great 306-337)

Representation of Saint Hilarion of Gaza or Hilarion the Great (291-391) ascete Christian. 19th century (engraving)
ELD4916827 Representation of Saint Hilarion of Gaza or Hilarion the Great (291-391) ascete Christian. 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive.

History of writing: "first uses of ink to write on parchments, Middle East, 4th century"
ELD4868365 History of writing: "first uses of ink to write on parchments, Middle East, 4th century". Late 19th century

Fresco depicting the life of Saint Nicholas, also known as Saint Nicholas of Myra (270-345)
VEN5034047 Fresco depicting the life of Saint Nicholas, also known as Saint Nicholas of Myra (270-345). He resurrected three children killed by a butcher (left)

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The 4th century was a time of great cultural and historical significance, as depicted in various artworks and monuments from around the world. In Michael Pacher's painting "The Devil Presenting St Augustin with the Book of Vices, " we witness the struggle between good and evil, highlighting the moral dilemmas faced by individuals during this period. Meanwhile, in Jerusalem's Ethiopian Monastery and Church of The Holy Sepulchre, we find ourselves transported to a UNESCO World Heritage Site that holds immense religious importance. This ancient structure stands as a testament to the enduring faith of believers throughout centuries. Traveling back further in time, we encounter Alexander the Great on his conquests in the Battle of Arbela. The mosaic found at Villa Romana Del Casale showcases this legendary figure's military prowess and strategic genius. Moving eastward to northwest Pakistan, a limestone head from Gandhara offers us a glimpse into the artistic traditions prevalent during the 4th-5th century A. D. This exquisite sculpture exemplifies the fusion of Hellenistic and Indian influences that characterized this era. Shifting our focus to China, we delve into Chinese eroticism through an intriguing detail from Sou Nu King—a Taoist treatise on sexual initiation dating back to the 4th century A. D. This artwork sheds light on ancient Chinese beliefs surrounding sexuality and spirituality. In another corner of history lies Emperor Constantine I, who founded Constantinople—renaming Byzantium—in order to establish it as his imperial capital. His vision forever altered Europe's political landscape while leaving behind architectural marvels that still captivate us today. Religion continues its prominence with depictions such as St Anthony the Great—the patron saint of basket makers—and Saint Jerome reading in a Landscape by Giovanni Bellini. These works highlight not only their subjects' spiritual devotion but also serve as windows into daily life during this period. Lastly, we encounter Constantine I once again, this time in a line engraving from the 17th century.