1500s Collection (page 2)

The four humours, 16th century artwork
The four humours, coloured historical artwork. Here, the head of Christ is surrounded by four male figures, who are personifications of the four humours

Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), Italian philosopher. Bruno was a supporter of the Copernican view that the Earth revolved around the Sun

Inca king Huayna Capac
Huayna Capac, Inca ruler in the early 1500s. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of a 16th century illustration

Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer C017 / 7118
Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer

Johannes Kepler, German astronomer C017 / 7113
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), German astronomer, holding a divider used to plot distances. Kepler devised three fundamental laws of planetary motion

South American cannibals, 16th century
South American cannibals. 16th-century artwork of indigenous people of South American dismembering and roasting their slain enemies

16th-century medical astrology
Medical astrology. 16th-century artwork of Zodiac Man, a male body labelled with the twelve signs of the zodiac. This artwork was published in Freiburg in 1503 in the encyclopedia Margarita

Colossus of Rhodes statue
Colossus of Rhodes. Historical artwork showing the vast bronze statue of the Greek sun god Helios (later identified with Apollo, the god of light), at the entrance of the harbour at Rhodes

Galileo and his daughter Maria Celeste
Galilei Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer, being guided by his daughter Maria Celeste (1600-1634), a nun

Atlas compass, 16th century
Atlas compass in a 1544 copy of the Agnese Atlas. Several copies of this atlas were produced between 1536 and 1564, in Venice, by the Italian mapmaker Battista Agnese

Southern hemisphere star chart, 1537
Southern hemisphere star chart, 16th century. Star chart (planisphere) of the southern hemisphere, based on Albrecht Durers star charts of 1515. The illustrations show the constellations

EVNT2A-00047
Retreat of the Spanish Armada from England in stormy seas, 1588. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th century illustration

Saint Ignatius of Loyola
Ignatius of Loyola casting out evil spirits. Printed color halftone reproduction of a painting by Rubens

Martin Luther portrait. Hand-colored engraving reproduction of a portrait by Holbein

Elizabeth I of England
Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I. Hand-colored photogravure of the engraving by Hendrik de Hondt the Younger

Emperor Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V - also Charles I of Spain. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th century illustration

PROY2A-00161
King of England Henry VIII with his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. Antique hand-colored print

Natives gathering food in Florida, 1500s
Florida Native Americans gathering crocodiles, fish, and other wild animals and plants, 1591. Hand-colored Debry engraving of a LeMoyne painting

NATL2A-00002
Street in Aztec Tenochtitian (reconstruction). Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Italian fashion in the 1580s
Clothing of Italian ladies from Venice, Milan, and Florence, 1580s. Antique hand-colored woodcut

Peasant paying rent in the late Middle Ages
Tenant paying rent, from a book of surveying printed in England, 1523. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of an earlier illustration

Italian cooks preparing a meal, 1500s
Cooks preparing food in an Italian kitchen, 1500s. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of an earlier illustration

Vasco da Gamas route around Africa, 1400s
Africa as known after Vasco da Gamas discoveries, from map of Juan de la Cosa, 1500. Hand-colored woodcut reproduction

Map of the world, 1590
16th century map of the world. Published around 1590, this map shows the known world, including the new lands being discovered by Europeans exploring across the Atlantic

Orteliuss world map, 1570
Orteliuss world map. This world map is from the 1570 first edition of Theatrum orbis terrarum ( Theatre of the World ). Drawn by the Flemish mapmaker Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598)

PROY2A-00004
Henry VIII presenting a charter to the Company of Barber Surgeons. Color lithograph reproduction of a painting by Holbein

Three nose types, 17th century
Three nose types. 17th-century artwork comparing three noses in profile: small, medium and large. This artwork was published in a study of physiognomy

Hen, historical artwork. 16th Century woodcut print of a hen. Published in Histoire de la nature des oyseaux by the French naturalist Pierre Belon (1555)

Family in a sauna, 16th century artwork C015 / 1554
Family in a sauna. Artwork from Opus Chyrurgicum (1565) by the Swiss alchemist and physician Paracelsus (1493-1541) showing a family in a suana

Rudolf II with his alchemist, artwork C013 / 9565
Rudolf II with his alchemist, artwork. 1883 etching by Emile Armand Mathey-Doret of a painting by Wenzel von Broczick, entitled Rodolphe II chez son alchimiste (Rudolf II with his alchimist)

16th-century astronomy. Artwork of Atlas holding up the heavens. This artwork was published in Freiburg in 1503 in the encyclopedia Margarita Philosophica by the German author Gregor Reisch

Marcus Manilius, Roman astronomer. This woodcut was made by Albrecht Durer in 1515. Manilius was a Roman author. He wrote a book called Astronomica around the year AD15

Martin Frobisher, English explorer
Martin Frobisher (c.1535-1594), English navigator and explorer. Frobisher became a cabin boy in 1544 and rose to the rank of captain by 1565

16th Century Plan of Rome
16th century plan of Rome. Details from the map of Latium et Sabina (Southern Lazio), in the Gallery of Maps in the Vatican Museum.The Gallery of Maps holds maps which were commissioned between 1578

Egyptian palm tree, 16th century artwork. The fruits of this palm tree are being harvested. The palm tree most commonly cultivated in this way is the date palm tree, which has sweet edible fruit

Cornelius Valerius, Dutch humanist
Cornelius Valerius (1512-1578), Dutch humanist. Valrius was born at Utrecht. He studied at Louvain and became professor of Latin at Utrecht and Louvain

Florida explored by De Soto, 1539
Bivouac of De Sotos expedition in the Florida wilderness, 1539. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Garden irrigation in the 1500s
Garden water pumped through beds via intersecting channels, formal bed design of 1571. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

GGBR2A-00018
Couples dancing in Tudor England, 1500s. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of a painting by Holbein and Janet

GGBR2A-00028
English officer, musketeer, pikeman, and archer, Elizabethan period. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of an earlier illustration

Ireland in the 16th century
Map of Ireland before the English invasion, circa 1580. Color lithograph reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Instructions for capturing a spirit
Capturing a spirit. Woodcut illustration of a diagram that shows the procedure for attempting inclosing a spirit in a christall

Aurochs, historical artwork. 16th Century woodcut of an aurochs (Bos primigenius) from La description du royaume de Pologne (the description of the kingdom of Poland) by Blaise de Vigenere (1573)

Luigi Groto, Italian poet
Luigi Groto (1541-1585), Italian poet. The circular Italian inscription gives his name, calls him the blind man of Hadria (referring to Adria, northern Italy)

Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria
Saladin (1137-1193), Sultan of Egypt and Syria. Saladin led Islamic opposition to the European armies during the Crusades

Orteliuss map of Holland, 1570
Orteliuss map of Holland. This map is from the 1570 first edition of Theatrum orbis terrarum ( Theatre of the World ). Drawn by the Flemish mapmaker Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598)

Orteliuss map of Portugal, 1570
Orteliuss map of Portugal. This map is from the 1570 first edition of Theatrum orbis terrarum ( Theatre of the World ). Drawn by the Flemish mapmaker Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598)

PREL2A-00060
Saint Teresa of Avila, founder of the Carmelite Reform convent, 1500s. Hand-colored woodcut of a portrait

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The 1500s were a time of exploration, innovation, and cultural transformation. In the realm of art and science, geniuses like Leonardo da Vinci left their mark with groundbreaking works such as "Skull anatomy, " revealing the intricacies of human anatomy. Meanwhile, cartographers like Gerardus Mercator (GGBR2A-00076) created maps that expanded our understanding of the world. Orteliuss map of the Ottoman Empire in 1570 showcased the vast territories under its rule, while Durer's world map from 1515 provided a glimpse into how people perceived Earth at that time. These maps painted a picture of an ever-expanding global landscape. In Florence during this era, architects and urban planners crafted detailed plans for cities like never before seen. The 16th Century Plan of Florence exemplified this meticulous approach to city design. Oronce Fine's world map from 1531 furthered geographical knowledge by incorporating new discoveries made during expeditions around the globe. It was through these maps that Europeans began to comprehend just how vast our planet truly is. The use of firearms also revolutionized warfare during this period. Arquebusses became prevalent on battlefields across Europe in the 16th century, changing military tactics forever. Religion played a significant role in shaping society during this time as well. Figures like John Calvin emerged as influential theologians whose ideas would have lasting impacts on Protestantism and beyond. Maps continued to evolve throughout the century; one notable example being Map of Palestine in 1588 which depicted important biblical sites within its borders. Similarly, a detailed map showcasing British Isles shed light on England's growing influence over neighboring lands. By the turn of the century, Europe had undergone immense changes politically and culturally - reflected by Map of Europe from 1600 which captured shifting borders and emerging nation-states.