1403 Collection

Constantine XI Palaeolog
CONSTANTINE XI PALAEOLOGUS The last Byzantine Emperor, who died trying to save Constantinople from the Turks

Bessarion - 2
JOHANNES BASILIUS BESSARION Latin patriarch of Constantinople. Byzantine theologian and Humanist

Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) 1364-1403 killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury, 21 July 1403, where Henry IV was victorious
536355 Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) 1364-1403 killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury, 21 July 1403, where Henry IV was victorious

Missal. of St. Eulalia. Liturgical book, C. 1403. By Rafael Destorrents (1375-15th century). 1st folio. Martyrdom of St. Stephen, stoned to death. Archive of Barcelona Cathedral. Catalonia. Spain

HOTSPUR DEATH 1403
Death of Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury. Date: 21 July 1403

Death of Hotspur
LLM339242 Death of Hotspur by Doyle, James William Edmund (1822-92); Private Collection; (add.info.: Death of Hotspur. James E Doyle, A Chronicle of England BC 55 to AD 1485 (London)

Bajazet I (litho)
6004927 Bajazet I (litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Bajazet I. Illustration for an edition of the Harmsworth History of the World)

Initial A Christ Appearing David Giovanni di
Initial A: Christ Appearing to David; Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, about 1403 - 1482); Siena, Tuscany, Italy; about 1440; Tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink on parchment; Leaf: 20 x 18.6 cm (7 7)

Missal. of St. Eulalia, 1403 by Rafael Destorrents (1375-15
Missal. of St. Eulalia. Liturgical book, C. 1403. By Rafael Destorrents (1375-15th century). 1st folio. Last Judgment. Archive of Barcelona Cathedral. Catalonia. Spain

Detail of the Ankh at the statue of egyptian God Anubis
Statue of the jackal-headed god Anubis. Detail of the Ankh. Diorite. Reign of Amenophis III. 1403-1365 BC. 18th Dynasty. New Kingdom. From the Temple of Luxor. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Copenhagen

Dunois (On Horseback)
JEAN d ORLEANS, comte de DUNOIS French military commander, associated with Jeanne d Arc. Depicted on horseback. Date: 1403 - 1468

HENRY BEAUFORT 1374-1447
HENRY BEAUFORT English Cardinal. Bishop of Lincoln and Winchester, becoming Lord Chancellor in 1403 Date: 1374 - 1447

Statue of Jean d Orleans, Comte de Dunois
Jean d Orleans, Comte de Dunois (1403 - 1468), French military commander, associated with Jeanne d Arc. A statue in the chapel of his castle at Chateaudun

Geo. Cast. Scanderberg
GEORG CASTRIOTA SCANDERBERG Albanian prince and warrior Date: 1403 - 1467

Giovanni di Paolo, Italian (c. 1403-1482), The Adoration of the Magi, c. 1450, tempera on panel

Niche with the statue of a mermaid, print maker: Caspar Jacobsz. Philips, 1774

Initial S: Pentecost; Niccolo di Giacomo da Bologna, Italian, active 1349 - 1403; Bologna, Italy, Europe; about 1394 - 1402; Tempera and gold on parchment; Leaf: 21.6 x 21 cm (8 1/2 x 8 1/4 in.)

LUNA IN EXALTATION & TAURUS. From a Latin manuscript of astrological treatise by Albumasar, c1403

THIRD DECANUS OF GEMINI. From a Latin manuscript of astrological treatise by Albumasar, c1403

Road Sweeper
circa 1910: An automatic road sweeper in London. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) 1364-1403 killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury, 21 July 1403, where Henry IV was victorious. Colour printed wood engraving c1860

BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY, 1403. Henry Percy (Hotspur) being defeated by King Henry IV at the Battle of Shrewsbury, 1403. Steel engraving, English, early 19th century

Dunois (Gaillard)
JEAN d ORLEANS, comte de DUNOIS French military commander, associated with Jeanne d Arc. Date: 1403 - 1468

Dunois (Anon)
JEAN d ORLEANS, comte de DUNOIS French military commander, associated with Jeanne d Arc. Date: 1403 - 1468

Dunois (Enguerrand)
JEAN comte de DUNOIS bastard son of Louis, duc d Orleans French military, outstanding general in war with England, associate of Jeanne d Arc Date: 1403 - 1468

Jean Comte Dunois
JEAN COMTE DE DUNOIS Le Batarde d Orleans French soldier, very successful against the English during the 100 Years War Date: 1403 - 1468

FIRST DECANUS OF VIRGO. From a Latin manuscript of astrological treatise by Albumasar, c1403

ZODIAC: VIRGO THE VIRGIN. Virgo the Virgin: from Latin ms. of astrological treatise by Albumasar, c1403

Dunois / Leloir / Normand
A 15th century nobleman in his indoor dress - this is Jean, comte de DUNOIS, military commander and associate of Jeanne d Arc, keeping warm in a heavy fur-trimmed robe

Book Given to Charles 7
CHARLES VII, KING OF FRANCE A Dominican monk presenting his book to the king who is surrounded by courtiers and royal hangers-on

Charles VII (Colour)
CHARLES VII king of France

Charles Vii / Victorious
CHARLES VII THE VICTORIOUS KING OF FRANCE Portrait in a round frame

GLENDOWERs OAK 1838
The oak near Shelton where Owen Glendower supposedly watch the battle between Henry IV and Harry Percy in 1403

Charles VII at Court
CHARLES VII is presented with a book of heraldry by its author, Giles Bonnet

Sultan Bajazet I
SULTAN BAJAZET I

Charles VII on Horse
The French king Charles VII, in full armour, mounted on a horse which is also heavily armoured : beside him, a foot soldier arms a cross-bow (from a tapestry at Reims)

BESSARION - Latin patriarch of Constantinople. Byzantine theologian and Humanist. Was originally called Basil but took Bessarion on entering monastery

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"1403: A Year of Triumphs and Tragedies" In the year 1403, history witnessed a series of significant events that shaped the world in various ways. From political upheavals to artistic masterpieces, this captivating year left an indelible mark on humanity. One notable figure who played a pivotal role was Constantine XI Palaeolog. As the last Byzantine emperor, he valiantly defended Constantinople against the Ottoman Empire's relentless siege. His unwavering determination symbolized the city's resilience and marked a turning point in European history. Meanwhile, Bessarion, a prominent scholar and cardinal, made his mark through intellectual pursuits. Known for his extensive knowledge in theology and philosophy, he contributed greatly to Renaissance humanism by promoting Greek learning in Western Europe. Art enthusiasts were enthralled by Rafael Destorrents' Missal of St. Eulalia—a liturgical book crafted with meticulous detail in 1403. This masterpiece showcased Rafael's exceptional talent as an artist and highlighted the importance of religious devotion during this era. Tragedy struck on another front when Hotspur met his untimely demise in battle during 1403. The death of this renowned English knight marked a significant loss for both his allies and adversaries alike. Amidst these historical events emerged Bajazet I—an influential ruler whose lithograph portrait captured his power and charisma. As Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Bajazet I expanded its territories while leaving an enduring legacy that would shape future generations. The Missal of St. Eulalia resurfaced once again—this time revealing intricate details such as the Ankh at the statue of Egyptian God Anubis—a testament to how different cultures influenced artistry during this period. Equestrian statues also gained prominence with Dunois depicted majestically on horseback—an embodiment of chivalry and bravery that resonated with the spirit of the times.