Esp / Zener Card / Star
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Esp / Zener Card / Star
RHINE EXPERIMENTS - A Zener Card - star. Date: 1937
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Media ID 4319960
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Experiments Rhine 1937 Paranormal
EDITORS COMMENTS
This intriguing photograph captures the essence of one of the most famous parapsychological experiments of the 20th century: the Rhine Experiments with Zener Cards. Conducted between 1934 and 1962 at Duke University in North Carolina, these groundbreaking studies aimed to scientifically investigate extrasensory perception (ESP) through the use of specially designed Zener cards. The Zener cards, depicted in this image, consist of a deck of 25 cards, each bearing one of five distinct symbols: star, circle, square, wavy lines, and cross. These symbols, known as "sign stimuli," were randomly selected and shown to the test subject, who was then asked to identify the symbol they had seen. The results were then compared to the actual symbol drawn from the deck. J.B. Rhine, the pioneering researcher behind the experiments, believed that ESP could be measured and quantified through statistical analysis. He and his team, including his wife Louisa Rhine, meticulously recorded and analyzed the data collected from thousands of trials involving hundreds of participants. Their findings suggested that a significant number of hits exceeded chance expectation, leading Rhine to conclude that ESP was a genuine phenomenon. This photograph, taken in 1937, shows a Zener star card, one of the five symbols used in the experiments. The star symbol, along with the others, was designed to be as visually distinct as possible to minimize the likelihood of guessing. The Rhine Experiments with Zener Cards marked a significant milestone in the history of parapsychology, inspiring further research into the nature and potential of ESP and other forms of extrasensory perception.
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