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Kars - Turkey
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Kars - Turkey
Kars, Turkey. Originally an Armenian capital. Became part of the Ottoman Empire (captured in 1534), then surrendered in 1828 to the Russian General Count Ivan Paskevich. The Russians returned the city ot the Ottomans in return for a new border with Russia which lay far closer to Kars than had previously. Stromed again by the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-8). Up to 1881 more than 82, 000 Muslims migrated back to the Ottoman Empire of which 11, 000 left from Kars. Russia ceded Kars, Ardahan, and Batum to Ottoman Empire by treaty in 1918, however the city was under the effective control of Armenian and non-Bolshevik Russian forces. After a lot of fighting and argument, in 1919 Kars came under the full administration of the Armenian Republic. Finally captured by Turkish troops on October 30th 1920. The Russians kept on wanting to re-negotiate and bickering continued up to the 1990s. The famous Armenian archaeological site of Ani is close by
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Armenian Capital Captured Citadel Count Fortress Ivan Kars Ottomans Russians Ottoman Paskevich
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EDITORS COMMENTS
Kars, Turkey: A City Rich in Historical Complexity and Contested Territory Nestled in the Anatolian plateau of eastern Turkey, the ancient city of Kars presents a captivating tableau of historical complexity and contested territory. Originally serving as the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Vaspurakan, Kars was later conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1534. The city's strategic location along the Silk Road and its proximity to the Russian border made it a coveted prize in the power struggles between the Ottoman and Russian empires. In 1828, Kars surrendered to Russian General Count Ivan Paskevich, who returned it to the Ottomans in exchange for a new border that lay much closer to the city than before. However, Kars was recaptured by the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78), leading to the displacement of over 82,000 Muslims, including 11,000 from Kars, who migrated back to the Ottoman Empire. The city was ceded back to the Ottomans by treaty in 1918, but it was effectively controlled by Armenian and non-Bolshevik Russian forces. In 1919, Kars came under the full administration of the Armenian Republic. The Russians continued to argue for its return, and the city was not finally captured by Turkish troops on October 30, 1920. The ancient citadel of Kars, with its imposing fortress walls and towers, stands as a testament to the city's rich history. Nearby lies the famous Armenian archaeological site of Ani, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Ani. The complex history of Kars and its surrounding region is a reminder of the enduring struggles and shifting borders that have shaped the modern-day Turkish-Armenian relationship.
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