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Kars, Turkey - View toward the fortress
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Kars, Turkey - View toward the fortress
View toward the fortress at Kars, Turkey. Originally an Armenian capital. Became part of the Ottoman Empire (captured in 1534), then surrendered in 1828 to the Russian General Count Ivan Paskevich. The Russians returned the city ot the Ottomans in return for a new border with Russia which lay far closer to Kars than had previously. Stromed again by the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-8). Up to 1881 more than 82, 000 Muslims migrated back to the Ottoman Empire of which 11, 000 left from Kars. Russia ceded Kars, Ardahan, and Batum to Ottoman Empire by treaty in 1918, however the city was under the effective control of Armenian and non-Bolshevik Russian forces. After a lot of fighting and argument, in 1919 Kars came under the full administration of the Armenian Republic. Finally captured by Turkish troops on October 30th 1920. The Russians kept on wanting to re-negotiate and bickering continued up to the 1990s. The famous Armenian archaeological site of Ani is close by. Date: circa 1904
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Armenian Capital Captured Citadel Count Fortress Hill Side Hill Top Ivan Kars Ottomans Russians Ottoman Paskevich
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1. Title: A Contested Past: The Fortress of Kars, Turkey 2. Description: This evocative photograph captures the breathtaking view toward the ancient fortress of Kars, Turkey, a city steeped in history and rich cultural diversity. Nestled at the foot of the Kaçkar Mountains, Kars has been a prized possession throughout history due to its strategic location along the historic Silk Road. 3. History: Originally an Armenian capital, Kars was first captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1534. Over the centuries, the city changed hands numerous times, including surrendering to the Russians in 1828 and being returned to the Ottomans in 1871. The region experienced significant population shifts during this time, with more than 82,000 Muslims migrating back to the Ottoman Empire between 1878 and 1881, 11,000 of whom left from Kars. 4. Conflicts and Struggles: The city was once again under Russian control during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), and after World War I, it was ceded back to the Ottoman Empire by treaty in 1918. However, Kars was effectively controlled by Armenian and non-Bolshevik Russian forces. The city came fully under the administration of the Armenian Republic in 1919, but it was eventually captured by Turkish troops on October 30, 1920. The Russians continued to argue for the return of Kars up to the 1990s. 5. Cultural Significance: The famous Armenian archaeological site of Ani, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located nearby, adding to the historical and cultural significance of this region. The fortress of Kars stands as a testament to the complex and often tumultuous history of this fascinating city and its people. 6. Technical Information: This photograph, taken circa 1904, offers a captivating glimpse into the past, showcasing the stunning architecture of the fortress and the breathtaking landscape that surrounds it. The image is available as a rights-managed print from Mary Evans Prints Online.
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