Persian Wars Collection

Ancient Greeks holding the pass of Thermopylae, 480 BC
Greeks under Leonidas holding off the Persian invasion at Thermopylae, 480 BC. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Xerxes bridge of boats across the Hellespont, 480 BC
Bridge of boats built by Xerxes Persian army across the Hellespont to invade Greek territory, 480 BC. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Greek hoplite fighting a Persian (Terracotta red-figure kylix), ca 470 BC. Creator: Ancient pottery, Attican Art
Greek hoplite fighting a Persian (Terracotta red-figure kylix), ca 470 BC. Found in the collection of the National Archaeological Museum, Athens

Greek soldier fighting a Persian (Terracotta red-figure Nolan amphora), ca 470 BC. Found in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Aristides (engraving)
811060 Aristides (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Aristides. Athenian statesman, 530 BC - 468 BC. Engraving by John Chapman)

Market of Sparta--Meeting Place of the Ephors (engraving)
655167 Market of Sparta--Meeting Place of the Ephors (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Market of Sparta--Meeting Place of the Ephors)

Persians defeated at the Battle of Platae, 479 B. C
Greeks repelling the Persian army under Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea, 479 BC. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Plain of Marathon in ancient Greece
Map showing the Plain of Marathon, site of the battle in 490 BC. Color lithograph of a 19th-century illustration

The Battle of Plataea, 479 BC, in which the defeat of the invasion forces of Xerxes was the final land battle of the second Persian invasion of Greece

Ancient Greeks celebrating victory at Salamis
Greeks celebrating their naval victory over the Persians at Salamis, 449 BC. Hand-colored photogravure reproduction of a 19th-century painting

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The Persian Wars (490-449 BC) mark a pivotal moment in ancient history, as the Ancient Greeks defied the mighty Persian Empire's invasion attempts. At Thermopylae, King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans held off Xerxes' vast army, inspiring heroic resistance. Xerxes retaliated by building the Bridge of Boats across the Hellespont, but the Greeks, led by the brave Aristides, burned it down. The Market of Sparta served as the meeting place of the Ephors, where the Greek alliance was formed. The Persians were defeated at the Battle of Platae, and the Greeks celebrated their victory at the Plain of Marathon. The final land battle of the second Persian invasion took place at Plataea, where the Greeks, including Spartan troops, decisively defeated Xerxes' forces. In the end, the Greeks celebrated their hard-earned victory at Salamis, securing their freedom and shaping the course of Western civilization.