3rd Millennium Bc Collection

Hump-Backed Bull, Pakistan, Kot Diji region (?), Circa 2800-2600 BC. Creator: Unknown
Hump-Backed Bull, Pakistan, Kot Diji region (?), Circa 2800-2600 BC

Cong, Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture, c. 3300-2400 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Cong, Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture, c. 3300-2400 B.C. Vessel in the form of a straight tube with a circular bore and square outer section

Hoe Blade, Neolithic period, (3rd / 2nd millennium B. C. ), or early Shang dynasty (c)
Hoe Blade, Neolithic period, (3rd/2nd millennium B.C.), or early Shang dynasty (c. 1600/1045 B.C.)

Axe, Neolithic period, probably Dawenkou culture, c. 3000-2500 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Axe, Neolithic period, probably Dawenkou culture, c. 3000-2500 B.C

Disc (bi), Neolithic period, 4th / 3rd millennium B. C. Creator: Unknown
Disc (bi), Neolithic period, 4th/3rd millennium B.C

Plaque with Human Head, late Neolithic period, Shejiahe culture, c. 2500 / 2000 B. C
Plaque with Human Head, late Neolithic period, Shejiahe culture, c. 2500/2000 B.C

Axe, Neolithic period, probably Liangzhu culture, c. 3000-2000 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Axe, Neolithic period, probably Liangzhu culture, c. 3000-2000 B.C

Ceremonial blade, Neolithic period, c. 3000 / 2000 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Ceremonial blade, Neolithic period, c. 3000/2000 B.C

Squared disc (cong), Neolithic period (ca. 8000-2000 BC), Liangzhu Culture, ca. 3000-2500 B.C. Vessel in the form of a straight tube with a circular bore and square outer section

Axe, Neolithic period, c. 2500 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Axe, Neolithic period, c. 2500 B.C

Disc (bi), Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture, c. 3000 / 2000 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Disc (bi), Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture, c. 3000/2000 B.C

Bracelet or Arm Ring, Neolithic period, probably Liangzhu culture, 3rd millennium B. C
Bracelet or Arm Ring, Neolithic period, probably Liangzhu culture, 3rd millennium B.C

Squarish Disk with Rounded Corners, Neolithic period, Hongshan culture, c. 3000 B. C
Squarish Disk with Rounded Corners, Neolithic period, Hongshan culture, c. 3000 B.C

Openwork Ornament, Neolithic period, 3rd millennium B. C. Creator: Unknown
Openwork Ornament, Neolithic period, 3rd millennium B.C

Cong, Neolithic period (ca. 8000-2000 BC), Liangzhu Culture, ca. 3000-2000 B. C
Cong, Neolithic period (ca.8000-2000 BC), Liangzhu Culture, ca. 3000-2000 B.C. Vessel in the form of a straight tube with a circular bore and square outer section

Ring, Neolithic period, probably Liangzhu culture, 3rd millennium B. C. Creator: Unknown
Ring, Neolithic period, probably Liangzhu culture, 3rd millennium B.C

Saddle-Face Bannerstone, c. 2600 B. C. Creator: Unknown
Saddle-Face Bannerstone, c. 2600 B.C. Archaic, Posey County, Indiana

Lobed Tripod Cauldron (Li), Longshan culture (c. 2500-2000 BC). Creator: Unknown
Lobed Tripod Cauldron (Li), Longshan culture (c. 2500-2000 BC)

Bracelet, Late Neolithic period, late 3rd millenium BCE. Creator: Unknown
Bracelet, Late Neolithic period, late 3rd millenium BCE

Gudea, Prince of Lagash, standing (diorite)
898902 Gudea, Prince of Lagash, standing (diorite) by Mesopotamian; Louvre, Paris, France; (add.info.: Gudea was a ruler (ensi) of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c

Gudea, Prince of Lagash, dedicated to the god Ningirsu, called "
898901 Gudea, Prince of Lagash, dedicated to the god Ningirsu, called " Architect with Plans", c.2120 BC (diorite) by Mesopotamian; 93x41x61 cm; Louvre, Paris

Ancient Egyptian numerals, 19th century C016 / 2823
Ancient Egyptian numerals. 19th-century table showing the hieroglyphic, demotic (enchorial) and hieratic numbers used by the Ancient Egyptians during the third and second millennia BC

Sweden, Stockholm, axes of the Battle Axe Culture
Prehistory, Sweden, Neolithic, 4th-3rd millennium b.C. - Axes of the Battle Axe Culture

Limestone statue of dwarf Khnumhotep, from Saqqara
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom, Dynasty V. Limestone statue of the dwarf Khnumhotep. From Saqqara

Stone statue of mother goddess or fertility goddess, from Hagar Qim Temple
Prehistory, Malta, Neolithic. Stone statue of mother goddess or fertility goddess, 3rd millennium b.C. From Hagar Qim Temple

Schematic Cycladic, Greek figurines with trapezoidal body belonging to Apeiranthos variety of Naxos. 2800-2300BC

Exceptional in size (1. 52m High) female figure
Exceptional in size (1.52m High) female figure with arms folded under the breasts, of parian marble. It is thought to be a female divinity

Sweden, Smaland, Hanger, Pot with engravings of the combat axe culture
Prehistory, Sweden, Neolithic, 4th-3rd millennium b.C. - Smaland - Hanger - Pot with engravings of the combat axe culture

Corded Ware or Battle Ax culture, pottery vessels, from Hanger and Valleberga
Prehistory, Sweden, Neolithic. Corded Ware or Battle Ax culture. Pottery vessels. From Hanger and Valleberga

United Kingdom, England, Wiltshire County, Megalithic monument of Stonehenge
United Kingdom - England - Wiltshire County - Megalithic monument of Stonehenge (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1986), Neolithic and Bronze Age, 3rd-2nd millennium b.C. Detail

Italy, Liguria region, Anthropomorphic menhir statue from Val di Magra
Prehistory, Italy, 3rd millennium b.C. - Anthropomorphic menhir statue from Val di Magra, Liguria region

Germany, Berlin, three decorated vases
Prehistory, Germany, 3rd millennium b.C. - Decorated vases

UK, England, Wiltshire County, Megalithic monument of Stonehenge
United Kingdom - England - Wiltshire County - Megalithic monument of Stonehenge (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1986), Neolithic and Bronze Age, 3rd-2nd millennium b.C

Egypt, Saqqara, Necropolis. Mastaba of Mereruka, pillared room, pillar with painted relief of the deceased
Egypt - Cairo - Ancient Memphis (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1979). Saqqara. Necropolis. Mastaba of Mereruka, 6th Dynasty, Old Kingdom. Pillared room. Pillar with painted relief of the deceased

Egypt, surroundings of Abusir, funerary complex of Sahure, the solar temple
Egypt - Surroundings of Abu Sir (Abusir) (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1979). Funerary complex of Sahure, the solar temple, the atrium and the pyramid in the background. Old Kingdom, Dynasty V

Faience panel from Djoser pyramid at Saqqara
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom, Dynasty III. Faience panel from Djoser pyramid at Saqqara, h.1.84 m

Painted limestone statues portraying Raherka and Meresankh
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom, Dynasty IV. Painted limestone statues portraying Raherka and Meresankh, height 52.8 cm. Detail. In the background a papyrus

Plinth bearing Imhoteps name, architect of Step pyramid at Saqqara
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom, Dynasty IV. Plinth bearing Imhoteps name, architect of the Step pyramid at Saqqara

Egypt, Saqqara, Mastaba of Metchetch (pyramid of king Unas), Milking scene, fresco
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom, Dynasty V. Milking scene. Fresco from the mastaba of Metchetchi, high official of king Unas, at Saqqara

UK, England, Wiltshire County, Megalithic monument of Stonehenge
United Kingdom - England - Wiltshire County - Megalithic monument of Stonehenge (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1986), Bronze Age, late 3rd millennium b.C

Egypt, Saqqara, Funerary complex of king Djoser. Step Pyramid
Egypt - Cairo - Ancient Memphis (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1979). Saqqara. Funerary complex of king Djoser. Step Pyramid, Old Kingdom, Dynasty V

Egypt, Cairo, Giza, the solar boat of Cheops, in museum
Egypt - Cairo - Giza - The solar boat of Khufu (Cheops) made from Lebanon cedar wood (43.4 m. length, 5.9 m. breadth), assembled with ropes made of alpha plant

Mummification material - The opening of the mouth and eyes
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom. Mummification material - The opening of the mouth and eyes

Relief depicting birds among the papyri, from funerary temple of Userkaf at Abusir
Egyptian civilization, Old Kingdom, Dynasty V. Relief from the funerary temple of Userkaf at Abusir, depicting birds among the papyri

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The 3rd millennium BC was a time of great cultural and artistic development. During this period, various civilizations emerged, leaving behind remarkable artifacts that provide us with insights into their lives and beliefs. One such civilization is the Liangzhu culture, which thrived from around 3300 to 2400 B. C. The Liangzhu people were known for their intricate jade carvings, particularly the Cong - a tube-shaped object with square or circular holes carved into it. These Congs served as symbols of social status and spiritual significance. Another notable artifact from the Neolithic period is the Hoe Blade, believed to be from either the 3rd or 2nd millennium B. C. , or possibly from the early Shang dynasty. This tool played a vital role in agriculture during this era when farming became more prevalent. The Axe was another essential tool during this time, with examples found in different cultures like Dawenkou and Liangzhu. These axes were used for various purposes such as cutting wood or clearing land for cultivation. In addition to tools, decorative items also flourished during the Neolithic period. The Disc (bi), created by unknown artists in the 4th/3rd millennium B. C. , showcases exquisite craftsmanship and symbolizes heaven in Chinese mythology. The Plaque with Human Head provides us with a glimpse into late Neolithic society through its depiction of human figures wearing elaborate headdresses. Believed to be from Shejiahe culture around 2500/2000 B. C. , these plaques might have held ceremonial significance. Furthermore, another axe attributed to Liangzhu culture demonstrates their advanced metalworking skills during c. 3000-2000 B. C. Its design suggests both practicality and aesthetic appeal. A Ceremonial blade dating back to c. 3000/2000 B. C. , whose creator remains unknown today, serves as evidence of ritual practices carried out during this period.