1469 Collection

Guru Nanek / Govind Singh
GURU NANEK DEV (right) Founder of the Sikh religion, pictured here with GOVIND SINGH (1666 - 1708), the tenth and last of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism

Medici, Lorenzo the Magnificient (1449-1492). Italian patrician and humanist, ruler of Florence from 1469 to 1492. Lorenzo de Medici receiving gifts from his ambassadors. VASARI, Giorgio (1511-1574)

Coventry Mystery Play

Machiavelli / Mallad
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI Italian political philosopher

Machiavelli / Hinchliff
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI Italian political philosopher

Saint Michael Lieven van Lathem Flemish 1430
Saint Michael; Lieven van Lathem (Flemish, about 1430 - 1493); Ghent (written), Belgium; 1469; Tempera colors, gold leaf, gold paint, silver paint, and ink on parchment; Leaf: 12.4 x 9.2 cm (4 7)

King Avenir Courtiers Converses Josaphat Follower
King Avenir with Courtiers Converses with Josaphat; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat meets Hermit Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat meets a Hermit; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Speaks Nobles Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat Speaks to the Nobles; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Another Man Mourn Dead King Avenir Coffin
Josaphat and Another Man Mourn the Dead King Avenir in his Coffin; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau

Josaphat Pilgrim Follower Hans Schilling German
Josaphat as a Pilgrim; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Barochias Enthroned King Receives Royal Ring
Barochias is Enthroned as King and Receives the Royal Ring; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Baptism King Avenir Follower Hans Schilling German
Baptism of King Avenir; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Josaphat Selects Barochias Successor Follower
King Josaphat Selects Barochias as his Successor; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Avenir Josaphat Conversation Follower Hans Schilling
King Avenir and Josaphat in Conversation; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Avenir Josaphat Meet Horseback Attendants
King Avenir and Josaphat Meet on Horseback, with Attendants; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau

Josaphat Kneels Altar Man Sorrows Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat Kneels before an Altar with the Man of Sorrows; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Priest Church Baptismal Font Follower
Josaphat and a Priest near a Church Baptismal Font; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Avenir Josaphat Pagan Scholars Behold Image
King Avenir, Josaphat, and the Pagan Scholars Behold an Image of Bacchus; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German)

Baptism Christ Follower Hans Schilling German
Baptism of Christ; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace, France (formerly Germany); 1469; Ink

King Avenir Josaphat Nachor Behold Golden Calf
King Avenir, Josaphat, and Nachor Behold the Golden Calf; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Avenir Josaphat Converse Nachor Follower
King Avenir and Josaphat Converse with Nachor; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Jupiter Gives Danae Gift Gold Follower Hans Schilling
Jupiter Gives Danae a Gift of Gold; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Converses Astrologers Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat Converses with the Astrologers; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Avenir Converses Courtiers Follower Hans Schilling
King Avenir Converses with his Courtiers; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat sits Dreaming Landscape Several Monks
Josaphat sits Dreaming in a Landscape, with Several Monks in the Background; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German)

King Avenir large empty speech scroll Follower
King Avenir with a large, empty speech scroll; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Three Men Approach Hermit Follower Hans Schilling
Three Men Approach a Hermit; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Woman Touches Hair Enthroned Josaphat Follower
A Woman Touches the Hair of the Enthroned Josaphat; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Prayer Tempted Devil But Protected Angel
Josaphat in Prayer is Tempted by the Devil But Protected by an Angel; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German)

Group Men Women Worship Two Idols Follower Hans Schilling
A Group of Men and Women Worship Two Idols; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Nachor Visits Holy Man Follower Hans Schilling
Nachor Visits a Holy Man; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Twelve Apostles Follower Hans Schilling German
The Twelve Apostles; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace, France (formerly Germany); 1469; Ink

King Avenir Converses Josaphat Follower Hans Schilling
King Avenir Converses with Josaphat; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

King Avenir Josaphat Nachor Behold Hour Manna
King Avenir, Josaphat, and Nachor Behold Hour Manna Fell in the Desert; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German)

Josaphat Enthroned Speaking Barlaam Dressed Monk
Josaphat Enthroned Speaking to Barlaam Dressed as a Monk; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Judith Beheading Holofernes Follower Hans Schilling
Judith Beheading Holofernes; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Baptism Josaphat Follower Hans Schilling German
The Baptism of Josaphat; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Barlaam Instructing Josaphat True Faith Follower
Barlaam Instructing Josaphat in the True Faith; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Barlaam Kneeling Altar Josaphat Nearby Follower
Barlaam Kneeling before an Altar with Josaphat Nearby; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Youth coarse wool shirt Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat with the Youth in a coarse wool shirt; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Young Woman Giving Something Drink Man Torn Clothing
A Young Woman Giving Something to Drink to a Man in Torn Clothing; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau

King Avenir Josaphat Pagan Scholars Follower
King Avenir and Josaphat amid the Pagan Scholars; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Pagan Christian Scholars Debating Follower Hans Schilling
Pagan and Christian Scholars Debating; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat King Avenir Conversation Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat and King Avenir in Conversation; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Scholars King Avenir Josaphat Follower Hans Schilling
The Scholars before King Avenir and Josaphat; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

Josaphat Praying Man Sorrows Follower Hans Schilling
Josaphat Praying before the Man of Sorrows; Follower of Hans Schilling (German, active 1459 - 1467), from the Workshop of Diebold Lauber (German, active 1427 - 1467); Hagenau, Alsace

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In the year 1469, a significant period in history unfolded with various events and influential figures leaving their mark. This was the time when Guru Nanek, the founder of Sikhism, was born. His teachings would go on to shape the faith for centuries to come. Meanwhile, in Italy, Lorenzo de' Medici, also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, held immense power and influence during his reign from 1449 to 1492. He played a pivotal role in supporting artists and scholars of the Renaissance. The Coventry Mystery Play captivated audiences with its religious performances that brought biblical stories to life. These plays were an essential part of medieval English culture during this era. Another notable figure emerged in this year - Niccolò Machiavelli. His political theories outlined in "The Prince" challenged conventional notions of leadership and governance. Mallad Hinchliff further expanded upon these ideas by analyzing Machiavelli's work. Amidst all these developments across Europe, Jakob Fugger (Jakob I) rose to prominence as one of Germany's wealthiest merchants and bankers. His financial empire had far-reaching effects on European politics and economics. On a different note, Francis I Phoebus of Foix became King of Navarre at just four years old in 1469. Despite his young age, he left behind a legacy that impacted both regional politics and cultural development. Artistic achievements also flourished during this time period. The Annunciation painting by Cosme Tura showcased intricate details on organ-shutter wood within Ferrara Cathedral – a testament to artistic mastery. Saint Michael Lieven van Lathem's Flemish artwork depicted spiritual devotion through stunning visuals while Tarazona's Altarpiece added grandeur to Aragon's chapel dedicated to purification. Jean De Carondelet made significant contributions as Yng (Archbishop), shaping religious practices within his jurisdiction during this era.