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First geological map of Britain, 1815 C016 / 5681
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First geological map of Britain, 1815 C016 / 5681
First geological map of Britain, detail of the South East of England (figure 6). This map was published in 1815 by British geologist William Smith (1769-1839). It shows rock layers (strata) in England and Wales and part of Scotland (key at lower left). Smiths work as a canal surveyor allowed him to study geology. He discovered that geological strata could be reliably identified at different places on the basis of the fossils they contained. Smith also proposed the principle of superposition, that if a strata overlays another then it was laid down at a later time. He is considered the father of English geology
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Media ID 9206567
© NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, LONDON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
1815 Cartography Country Earth Science English Channel Geological Great Britain Pioneering Region Scottish South East Strata Stratigraphy Stratum Superposition Welsh William Smith South Downs
EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases the first geological map of Britain, a groundbreaking work published in 1815 by British geologist William Smith. The map, which is a detailed depiction of the South East of England (figure 6), offers a glimpse into the rich history and geological composition of this region. William Smith's remarkable contribution to geology stemmed from his career as a canal surveyor, allowing him to closely study the Earth's strata. Through meticulous observations, he discovered that different rock layers could be reliably identified based on the fossils they contained. This revolutionary insight laid the foundation for stratigraphy and established Smith as the father of English geology. The map itself provides an intricate illustration of England and Wales, along with parts of Scotland. It includes key information about various rock layers or strata found across these regions, offering valuable insights into their geological makeup. Smith also proposed the principle of superposition, suggesting that if one layer overlays another, it was deposited at a later time. This concept revolutionized our understanding of Earth's history and continues to shape modern geological studies. As we delve into this historical masterpiece created almost two centuries ago, we are reminded not only of its pioneering significance but also its artistic beauty. The intricate cartography captures both scientific accuracy and aesthetic appeal—a testament to William Smith's genius as well as his dedication to unraveling Earth's mysteries through artistry and science combined.
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